[Progression of study on the relationship between muscle strength, physical activity and bone mineral density].
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Abstract:
Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue, with a consequent increase in fragility and susceptibility to fractures resulting in the severe health consequences to human health. Many investigations have been done in exploring the etiological factors so as to find out approaches for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Low bone mineral density is one of the important clinical characteristics of osteoporosis. In this paper, the progress of study on the relationship between muscle strength, physical activity and bone mineral density was reviewed.Keywords:
Bone Health
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Human bone
Bone tissue
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Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue, with a consequent increase in fragility and susceptibility to fractures resulting in the severe health consequences to human health. Many investigations have been done in exploring the etiological factors so as to find out approaches for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Low bone mineral density is one of the important clinical characteristics of osteoporosis. In this paper, the progress of study on the relationship between muscle strength, physical activity and bone mineral density was reviewed.
Bone Health
Etiology
Human bone
Bone tissue
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Osteoporosis is a common bone disease in postmenopausal women that leads to an increased risk of fracture. In osteoporosis, the bone mineral density (BMD) is reduced, and bone micro- and macroarchitecture deteriorates. Osteoporosis is defined by the World Health Organization as a BMD of 2.5 standard deviations or more below the mean peak bone mass (average of young and healthy adults) as measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Diagnosis of osteoporosis can be made using BMD measurement. The most popular method of measuring BMD is DEXA. In treatment, we can use various exercises and nutritional supplementation, medications, and lifestyle modification for the prevention of fractures.
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Osteoporosis is a public health problem worldwide, with consequences of increasing risk of fragility fractures, disability and premature mortality. This study sought to establish the link between nutrition and bone health in young South African women. This cross-sectional study involved 28 South African females aged 18 to 22 years. Total muscle mass, bone mass, fat mass, spine and femur were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Participants also completed a food intake questionnaire. Nutritional indicators were isolated. Collected data was captured and analyzed by means of statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS). Spearman’s correlation method was used to determine the correlations between the selected nutrients and bone density measurements. Positive low-moderate correlations (r=0.4) were found between phytate and total body mass and between phytate and total bone mass. A positive low-moderate correlation (r=0.4) was also found between vitamin K and T-score (lumbar spine). No statistically significant correlations were found between other nutrients and bone density measurements. The fact that this study was unable to illustrate an association between bone mineral density (BMD) and some of these nutrients should not be considered that these nutrients are less significant to bone and general health. Bone mineral status is only one aspect of health in which these nutrients may have long-term beneficial consequences.
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This study assessed the status of bone and cardiovascular health in young, prepubertal
females (aged 9 to 11 years) during a school based intervention program involving
weight bearing physical activity. A study of 10 months duration was conducted in
four primary schools in the Melbourne suburbs. It involved a physical activity group
(n=38) and an aged-matched control group (n=33). Baseline data including pubertal
status, health-related fitness, bone mass and body composition were obtained pre
and post the intervention programme. All children had their bone mineral density
monitored. Bone mineral density and body composition measurements were performed
by DXA using the Hologic QDR 2000 bone densitometer. At the completion
of the program the activity group had accrued significantly greater bone mass at
total body, lumbar spine, leg and femoral neck when expressed as BMC or BMD
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Osteoporosis is a common disease that is characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD). Decreased BMD is associated with increased fracture risk. In adults, normal BMD results from the balance between accrual of peak bone mass (PBM) at the end of adolescence, and subsequent bone loss with age. Although environmental factors play a role, hereditary factors are the major contributors (up to 80%) to the variability in PBM. This review examines the effects of genetics, physical activity and immobilization, smoking, chronic diseases and medications, vitamin D, calcium, and various other dietary factors on bone integrity in children, adolescents, and adults.
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Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone mineral density, deteriorated bone microstructure and increased fracture risk. About 50% of all women and 25% of all men will have an osteoporoti ...
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Physical activity has been recommended for the treatment and even prevention of osteoporosis.This is because physical activity can potentially increase bone mass and strength in the early years of life and reduce the risk of falling in older populations.However, a key question that remains to be answered is whether a high bone mineral density (BMD) resulting from physical activity is sustained despite decreased activity.The aim of this review is to describe the effects of decreased levels of physical activity on bone.A comprehensive search of Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane controlled trials register was conducted.Previous studies have reported that benefits from prior physical activity seem to be eroded after cessation of this activity, at least for bone sites that are rich in trabecular bone such as the clinically important proximal femur.In bone sites rich in cortical bone, there appeared to be long-term beneficial effects of physical activity.In conclusion, bone gain through physical activity is lost in bone sites rich in trabecular bone if the activity is not maintained.However, current knowledge is limited and further prospective research into the effect of detraining is recommended.
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