Vitamins, fatty acids, physical activity and peak bone mass
1
Citation
261
Reference
20
Related Paper
Citation Trend
Abstract:
Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone mineral density, deteriorated bone microstructure and increased fracture risk. About 50% of all women and 25% of all men will have an osteoporoti ...Keywords:
Bone disease
Cite
Abstract Thinness (low percentage of body fat, low body mass index [BMI], or low body weight) was evaluated as a risk factor for low bone mineral density (BMD) or increased bone loss in a randomized trial of alendronate for prevention of osteoporosis in recently postmenopausal women with normal bone mass (n = 1609). The 2-year data from the placebo group were used (n = 417). Percentage of body fat, BMI, and body weight were correlated with baseline BMD (r = −0.13 to −0.43, p < 0.01) and 2-year bone loss (r = −0.14 to −0.19, p < 0.01). Women in the lowest tertiles of percentage of body fat or BMI had up to 12% lower BMD at baseline and a more than 2-fold higher 2-year bone loss as compared with women in the highest tertiles (p ≤ 0.004). Women with a lower percentage of body fat or BMI had higher baseline levels of urine N-telopeptide cross-links (r = −0.24 to −0.31, p < 0.0001) and serum osteocalcin (r = −0.12 to −0.15, p < 0.01). To determine if the magnitude of treatment effect of alendronate was dependent on these risk factors, the group treated with 5 mg of alendronate was included (n = 403). There were no associations between fat mass parameters and response to alendronate treatment, which indicated that risk of low bone mass and increased bone loss caused by thinness could be compensated by alendronate treatment. In conclusion, thinness is an important risk factor for low bone mass and increased bone loss in postmenopausal women. Because the response to alendronate treatment is independent of fat mass parameters, prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis can be equally achieved in thinner and heavier women.
Cite
Citations (431)
textabstractOsteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of
bone tissue, leading to enhanced bone fragility and a consequent increase in fracture
risk. Osteoporosis is a major public health problem involving postmenopausal women
and aging individuals. The lifetime risk of osteoporotic fractures of the vertebral
bodies (symptomatic), hip, and distal radius is about 40 % for white women and 13 %
for white men. At present, the best possibility to assess the fracture risk of an
individual is the measurement of bone mass (g) or bone mineral density (BMD, glcm).
Studies in postmenopausal women showed that for each standard deviation decrease in
BMD there was a 2-3 fold increase in fracture risk. Bone mass later in life is
determined by the peak bone mass acquired during adolescence and the subsequent rate
of bone loss. Low peak bone mass results in a higher risk of osteoporosis. A high
peak bone mass provides a larger reserve later in life.
BMD increases during childhood until the peak bone mass is achieved, around the age
of 18 to 20 years. Thereafter, bone mass stabilizes and then decreases progressively
in both sexes after 35 to 40 years of age with a steeper decline in women after the
menopause.
Peak bone mass
Bone disease
Cite
Citations (3)
Post menopausal
Cite
Citations (1)
Dried Plum Consumption and Bone Mineral Density Retention in Postmenopausal Women: a Follow‐up Study
Osteoporosis is a chronic condition characterized by low bone density and an increased risk of fracture. Although it affects both women and men, there is a much greater incidence in postmenopausal women. Certain lifestyle and nutritional factors are known to reduce the risk of osteoporosis and thereby the risk of fracture. In terms of nutrition, dried plum has been shown to be one of the most efficacious interventions in preventing and even reversing bone loss in postmenopausal women. In 2010, we finished a study in which we examined the effect of consuming 100 g dried plum versus a comparative control fruit (75 g dried apples) daily for one year in 160 postmenopausal women with osteopenia. Our published data indicated that women consuming dried plum had significantly higher bone mineral density (BMD) of the ulna and spine in comparison with those consuming dried apple. The purpose of the present study was to conduct a follow‐up evaluation on the extent to which individuals who received the dried plum intervention were able to retain BMD compared with those who received the dried apple intervention. A total of 20 participants were available for this follow‐up evaluation. BMD of the lumbar spine, forearm, hip, and whole body were assessed using DXA. Results showed that those who were in the dried plum group had significantly higher values of BMD of spine ( P =0.012; %6) and ulna ( P =0.002; %23) compared with those in the dried apple group. Importantly, participants in either group did not regularly consume dried plums as noted in their diet history. Our findings suggest that women in the dried plum group retained their BMD to a greater extent than those in the dried apple group, even after a 5‐year period in the absence of regular dried plum consumption. Our observations suggest a long‐lasting bone‐protective effect of dried plum; however, other dietary, lifestyle, and pharmaceutical factors need to be evaluated. Support or Funding Information California Dried Plum Board
Osteopenia
Cite
Citations (0)
AIM:To estimate the prevalence and identify the risk factors for metabolic bone disease in patients with cirrhosis. METHODS:The study was performed on 72 Indian patients with cirrhosis (63 male, 9 female; aged < 50 years).Etiology of cirrhosis was alcoholism (n = 37), hepatitis B (n = 25) and hepatitis C (n = 10).Twenty-three patients belonged to Child class A, while 39 were in class B and 10 in class C. Secondary causes for metabolic bone disease and osteoporosis were ruled out.Sunlight exposure, physical activity and dietary constituents were calculated.Complete metabolic profiles were derived, and bone mineral density (BMD) was measured using dual energy X ray absorptiometry.Low BMD was defined as a Z score below -2. RESULTS:Low BMD was found in 68% of patients.Lumbar spine was the most frequently and severely affected site.Risk factors for low BMD included low physical activity, decreased sunlight exposure, and low lean body mass.Calcium intake was adequate, with unfavorable calcium: protein ratio and calcium: phosphorus ratio.Vitamin D deficiency was highly prevalent (92%).There was a high incidence of hypogonadism (41%).Serum estradiol level was elevated significantly in patients with normal BMD.Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) 1 and IGF binding protein 3 levels were below the age-related normal range in both groups.IGF-1 was significantly lower in patients with low BMD.Serum osteocalcin level was low (68%) and urinary deoxypyridinoline to creatinine ratio was high (79%), which demonstrated low bone formation with high resorption.CONCLUSION: Patients with cirrhosis have low BMD.Contributory factors are reduced physical activity, low lean body mass, vitamin D deficiency and hypogonadism and low IGF-1 level.
Deoxypyridinoline
Bone remodeling
Bone disease
Metabolic bone disease
Cite
Citations (111)
Objective: To investigate the relationships between bone mineral density changes in the patients with type 2 diabetes complicating osteoporosis and their height, weight, body mass index, blood-glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c) and insulin levels. Methods: The bone mineral density in the second to fourth lumber and the proximal left femur were measured with the dual energy X BMD measuring instrument. The indicators mentioned above were compared between two groups. Results: The change of bone mineral density in the patients with type 2 diabetes was negatively correlated to the levels of blood glucose and HbA1c and positively correlated to pancreatic B cell function, weight, height and body mass. Conclusion: The incidence of osteoporosis is significantly higher in diabetes group than in control group. Lower weight is one of the risk factors resulting in fractures. Therefore, the patients with type 2 diabetes should strictly control their blood glucose levels and regularly detect their bone mineral densities so as to prevent the occurrence of osteoporosis and reduce the risk of fractures.
Cite
Citations (0)
Bone mineral content in spinal trabecular and peripheral cortical bone was measured in 75 unselected patients with small and/or large intestinal inflammatory bowel disease. Osteoporosis, defined as a bone mineral content greater than 2 SD below the age and sex matched normal mean value was present in 23 patients (30.6%). Three amenorrhoeic females aged 34, 38, and 42 years had severe clinical osteoporosis and a further three patients had one or more vertebral crush fractures. Eighteen of the 23 patients with osteoporosis had small intestinal disease with one or more resections and the mean lifetime steroid dose in those with osteoporosis was significantly higher than in those with normal bone mineral content. Bone mineral content in spinal trabecular bone showed significant negative correlations with lifetime steroid dose and serum alkaline phosphatase and a significant positive correlation with serum albumin. Peripheral cortical bone mineral content was positively correlated with body weight, height and body mass index. We conclude that the prevalence of osteoporosis is increased in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, severe clinical osteoporosis developing in some relatively young patients. The pathogenesis of this bone loss is probably multifactorial; steroid therapy is likely to be an important contributory factor.
Bone disease
Cite
Citations (322)
Morbidly obese
Cite
Citations (132)
Peak bone mass
Cite
Citations (89)