Abstract Objective To explore the attitudes of psychiatric undergraduates toward psychiatry. Methods A total of 434 psychiatric undergraduates in Chongqing medical university were investigated with a questionnaire. Results Although in general, psychiatric undergraduates showed a positive attitude towards psychiatry, opinions about certain aspects like the reputation of psychiatry and the income were not positive. Conclusion: There are still some misunderstandings for psychiatry even among psychiatric undergraduates, some of which are based on false beliefs that should be actively targeted for remediation．
Suicidal behavior is a leading cause of death and often commences during adolescence/young adulthood (15~29 years old). The hippocampus, which consists of multiple functionally specialized subfields, may contribute to the pathophysiology of depression and suicidal behavior. We aimed to investigate the differences of hippocampal subfield volume between major depressive disorder (MDD) patients with and without suicide attempts and healthy controls in adolescents and young adults. A total of 40 MDD suicide attempters (MDD+SA), 27 MDD patients without suicide attempt (MDD-SA), and 37 healthy controls (HC) were recruited. High-resolution T1 MRI images were analyzed with the automated hippocampal substructure module in FreeSurfer 6.0. Volume differences among the groups were analyzed by a generalized linear model controlling for intracranial cavity volume (ICV). The relationship between hippocampal subfield volumes and clinical characteristics (HAM-D and SSI scores) was assessed using two-tailed partial correlation controlling for ICV in MDD+SA and MDD-SA. We found that MDD-SA had significantly smaller bilateral hippocampal fissure volume than HC and MDD+SA. No significant correlation was observed between hippocampal subfield volume and clinical characteristics (HAM-D and SSI scores) in MDD+SA and MDD-SA. Adolescent/young adult suicide attempters with MDD suicide attempters have larger bilateral hippocampal fissures than depressed patients without suicide attempts, independently from clinical characteristics. Within the heterogeneous syndrome of major depressive disorder that holds a risk for suicidality for subgroups, hippocampal morphology may help to explain or possibly predict such risk, yet longitudinal and functional studies are needed for understanding the biological mechanisms underlying.
Objective To investigate the severity of post traumatic stress disorder(PTSD) in victims of Wenchuan earthquake under different exposing factors. Methods One month after Wenchuan earthquake,354 wounded of distress area were collected from 11 hospitals of the Chongqing Municipality that received transferred wounded, according to multi-stage cluster sampling method. They were evaluated by PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C) and diagnostic tools,then analyzed the influencing factors of PTSD. Results The scores of victims who witnessed someone be buried,died and taken surgery were 44.64±11.86,44.67±12.49,45.96±12.1,44.80±12.92,higher than unexposed and had significant difference( P <0.01). Multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed those who were buried(OR=2.171, 95%CI:1.088～4.333)was high risk factor of severity of PTSD. Conclusion The more sever of exposing factor, the more sever of PTSD symptoms. Buried was highest among the six exposing factors. With time passed the possibility grew higher.Provide psychological intervention should be provided and be in for quite a long time to be concerned about.
Key words:
Post traumatic stress disorder(PTSD); Earthquake; Exposing factor
Major depressive disorder (MDD) seriously endangers adolescent mental and physical health. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are mediators of cellular communication and are involved in many physiological brain processes. Although EV miRNAshave been implicated in adults with major psychiatric disorders, investigation into their effects in adolescent MDDremains scarce. In discovery set, we conducted a genome-wide miRNA sequencing of serum EVs from 9 untreated adolescents with MDD and 8 matched healthy controls (HCs), identifying 32 differentially expressed miRNAs (18 upregulated and 14 downregulated). In the validation set, 8 differentially expressed and highly enriched miRNAs were verified in independent samples using RT-PCR, with 4 (miR-450a-2-3p, miR-3691-5p, miR-556-3p, and miR-2115-3p) of the 8 miRNAs found to be significantly elevated in 34 untreated adolescents with MDD compared with 38 HCs and consistent with the sequencing results. After the Bonferroni correction, we found that three miRNAs (miR-450a-2-3p, miR-556-3p, and miR-2115-3p) were still significantly different. Among them, miR-450a-2-3p showed the most markeddifferential expression and was able to diagnose disease with 67.6% sensitivity and 84.2% specificity. Furthermore, miR-450a-2-3p partially mediated the associations between total childhood trauma, emotional abuse, and physical neglect and adolescent MDD. We also found that the combination of miR-450a-2-3p and emotional abuse could effectively diagnose MDD in adolescents with 82.4% sensitivity and 81.6% specificity. Our data demonstrate the association of serum EV miRNA dysregulation with MDD pathophysiology and, furthermore, show that miRNAs may mediate the relationship between early stress and MDD susceptibility. We also provide a valid integrated model for the diagnosis of adolescent MDD.
Objective
To explore the correlation between polymorphisms (SNPs) of locus rs2269272 of glial high-affinity glutamate transporter (SLC1A3) gene and suicide attempt among Chinese adolescents.
Methods
iMLDR™ genotyping technology was used to detect the polymorphism of rs2269272 SLC1A3 gene loci in 55 suicide attempters and 112 healthy controls, and survival analysis was applied to analyze the relationship between allele (T) and the age of suicide attempt.
Results
The differences of rs2269272 locus allele distribution between two groups were statistically significant(χ2= 4.208, P=0.040), but genotype distribution of two groups had no significantly differences(χ2=4.011, P=0.135). Non-suicidal self-injury adolescents with locus rs2269272(15.6±0.4) were younger than adolescents without locus rs2269272(16.4±0.7), but the difference was not statistically significant.
Conclusion
Preliminary findings suggest that rs2269272 SLC1A3 may be relevant to non-suicidal self-injury acts, and rs2269272 locus allele is not related to earlier suicide attempt.
Key words:
Adolescent; Non-suicidal self-injury; Glial high-affinity glutamate transporter (SLC1A3)
Childhood traumatic experiences greatly influenced the brain network activities of patients with depression, and there is an urgent need to explore the temporal dynamics for these changes. This study aims to investigate the abnormalities of resting-state electroencephalogram (EEG) microstates in eye-open state of depressed adolescents and to explore the correlations between their EEG microstates and the childhood traumatic experience.
Introduction: Abnormalities in the neurophysiological measures P300 amplitude and latency constitute endophenotypes for psychosis. Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia-1 (DISC1) has been proposed as a promising susceptibility gene for schizophrenia, and a previous study has suggested that it is associated with P300 deficits in schizophrenia. Methods: We examined the role of variation in DISC1 polymorphisms on the P300 endophenotype in a large sample of patients with schizophrenia or psychotic bipolar disorder (n = 149), their unaffected relatives (n = 130), and unrelated healthy controls (n = 208) using linear regression and haplotype analysis. Results: Significant associations between P300 amplitude and latency and DISC1 polymorphisms/haplotypes were found. Those homozygous for the A allele of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs821597 displayed significantly reduced P300 amplitudes in comparison with homozygous for the G allele (P = .009) and the heterozygous group (P = .018). Haplotype analysis showed a significant association for DISC1 haplotypes (rs3738401|rs6675281|rs821597|rs821616|rs967244|rs980989) and P300 latency. Haplotype GCGTCG and ACGTTT were associated with shorter latencies. Discussion: The P300 waveform appears to be modulated by variation in individual SNPs and haplotypes of DISC1. Because DISC1 is involved in neurodevelopment, one hypothesis is that disruption in neural connectivity impairs cognitive processes illustrated by P300 deficits observed in this sample.
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