Long Lifetime and High Reusability of Water Toxicity Determination Based on Electrochemically Active Bacteria
0
Citation
44
Reference
10
Related Paper
Abstract:
Toxicity determination based on electrochemically active bacteria (EAB) shows great prospects for early warning of water pollution. However, the lifetime and reusability of EAB in toxicity determination remain uncertain. This study performed continuous toxicity determination by using an automatic water toxicity determination system based on EAB. Results demonstrated that EAB are capable of rapid responses to common heavy metal pollutants and make a full recovery after refreshment. Despite changes in microbial communities, EAB maintain a similar current generation capacity and toxicity sensitivity even after 20 continuous toxicity tests. The main reason for the stable performance was unchanged gene functions, as the toxicity tests did not result in a decrease in genes related to current generation or an increase in genes related to resistance. This study first reported that EAB possess a prolonged lifetime and good reusability in water toxicity determination, providing a basis for the continuous determination for water toxicity and the online monitoring of industrial wastewater toxicity based on EAB.Keywords:
Reusability
C. telephiifolia is an herbal plant commonly used in Moroccan folk medicine for treatment of many disorders. In the present study, we investigated cytotoxic activity by an in vitro assay system of growth inhibition against a human cancer cell line (HeLa), the results demonstrated that CH2Cl2 extract show a moderate cytotoxicity. The acute and sub-acute toxicity of the methanolic extract was evaluated. For acute toxicity, a single oral administration was performed at a dose of 2g/kg body weight (6 females, 6 males mice). The study of sub-acute toxicity was evaluated by daily oral (5 females, 5 males) with doses from 10 to 500mg/kg/day for 45 days. No mortality or signs of toxicity were observed in the acute study. Mice were analyzed for final body and organ weights, necropsy, and blood chemical and histopathological parameters. In the 40 day study in mice the extract at 10, 50mg/kg/day showed no toxicity, mortality, macroscopic or microscopic change of internal organs or tissues in comparison with the control group. The extracts of C. telephiifolia showed a cytotoxic activity with low toxicity. They are good candidates for further investigations in the fields of new anticancer drugs discovery.
HeLa
Median lethal dose
Cite
Citations (2)
Abstract : The US Army requires information on the acute toxicity potential of Octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) by oral, dermal and intravenous jroutes. In addition data on the acute skin and eye irritancy and skin sensitisation potentials of HMX are required. This report gives details of the following tests performed on HMX to meet these requirements. Acute Oral Toxicity (LD50) Test in Rats. Acute Oral Toxicity (LD50) Test in Mice. Acute Oral Toxicity in Rabbits (Dose Ranging). Acute Dermal Toxicity (LD50) in Rats. Acute Dermal Toxicity (LD50) in Rabbits. Intravenous Toxicity (LD50) in Rats. Intravenous Toxicity in Rabbits (Dose Ranging). Primary Skin Irritation Test in Rabbits. Eye Irritation (HMX 60% w/w in distilled water) in Rabbits. Eye Irritation (dried HMX) in Rabbits. Allergenic Potential in Guinea Pigs (Magnusson-Kligman Maximisation Test).
Median lethal dose
Skin irritation
Eye irritation
Distilled water
Lethal dose
Cite
Citations (9)
Aim: To check the embryo toxicity, acute toxicity and accumulation toxicity of matter extracted from the pulp of cornus by ethanol. Methods: Acute toxicity test,accumulation toxicity test and teratogenicity test were used in this study.Results: LD_ 50 10 g/kg ,accumulation coefficient 5,and the matter extracted from the pulp of cornus by ethanol had no embryotoxicity on the embryos of rats.Conclusion:The matter extracted from the pulp of cornus by ethanol has no acute toxicity, accumulation toxicity and embryotoxicity.
Cite
Citations (1)
In order to assess the effect of organosilicon surfactant as a novel adjuvant for agrochemical to aquatic organisms,the acute toxicity of four organosilicon surfactants SUSHENYIHAO,High-Speed,JIEXIAOLI and JIERUN were studied by semi-static method using zebrafish(Brachydanio rerio) as test organism.Safety evaluation has also been conducted.The results showed that the LC50 value of SUSHENYIHAO,High-Speed,JIEXIAOLI and JIERUN to zebrafish in 96 h were 135.0,17.4,11.3 and 5.9 a.i.mg/L,respectively.The acute toxicity of SUSHENYIHAO,High-Speed and JIEXIAOLI were low toxicity.The acute toxicity of JIERUN was middle toxicity.
Organosilicon
Static testing
Cite
Citations (2)
Background: Canscora heteroclita (C. heteroclita) being used in the Ayurvedic system of medicine in India for treatment of various diseases. No systematic toxicity study for this plant was described. Objective: The present study was undertaken to assess the safety use of this plant in traditional practice. Materials and Methods: The acute oral toxicity study of aqueous extract of Canscora heteroclita (AECH) was carried out as per the OECD guidelines 423 in mice and the sub-acute toxicity was carried out at a dose of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg as per OECD 407 guidelines in male and female rats. Results: Mice administered upto 2000 mg/kg as a single dose orally not caused any signs of toxicity or mortality in mice. In sub-acute toxicity study in rats, AECH at two different daily doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg for 28 days did not cause any significant change including the hematological and biochemical parameters. Histopathological examinations showed normal architecture suggesting no morphological disturbances. Conclusion: No deaths or any signs of toxicity was observed after oral administration in acute toxicity study upto a dose of 2000 mg/kg of AECH in mice and upto a dose of 400 mg/kg of AECH in sub acute toxicity study in rats.
Median lethal dose
Aqueous extract
Lethal dose
Cite
Citations (12)
The REACH Regulation requires information on acute oral toxicity for substances produced or imported in quantities greater than one ton per year. When registering, animal testing should be used as last resort. The standard acute oral toxicity test requires use of animals. Therefore, the European Chemicals Agency examined whether alternative ways exist to generate information on acute oral toxicity. The starting hypothesis was that low acute oral toxicity can be predicted from the results of low toxicity in oral sub-acute toxicity studies. Proving this hypothesis would allow avoiding acute toxicity oral testing whenever a sub-acute oral toxicity study is required or available and indicates low toxicity. ECHA conducted an analysis of the REACH database and found suitable studies on both acute oral and sub-acute oral toxicities for 1,256 substances. 415 of these substances had low toxicity in the sub-acute toxicity study (i.e., NO(A)EL at or above the limit test threshold of 1,000 mg/kg). For 98% of these substances, low acute oral toxicity was also reported (i.e., LD50 above the classification threshold of 2,000 mg/kg). On the other hand, no correlation was found between lower NO(A)ELs and LD50. According to the REACH Regulation, this approach for predicting acute oral toxicity needs to be considered as part of a weight of evidence analysis. Therefore, additional sources of information to support this approach are presented. Ahead of the last REACH registration deadline, in 2018, ECHA estimates that registrants of about 550 substances can omit the in vivo acute oral toxicity study by using this adaptation.
Cite
Citations (18)
Acute toxicity studies of N-2-(p-chlorophenoxy)-isobutyryl-N'-morpholinomethylurea (plafibride, ITA 104) were carried out in mouse, rat, guinea pig and hamster by different administration routes. The effect of pretreatment with plafibride on acute toxicity was also studied for several days. Plafibride had low toxicity. Its LD50 p.o. was about 4000 mg/kg in rat, mouse and hamster. The LD50 i.p. was between 760 (673-859) mg/kg in NMRI mouse and 1050 (830-1328) mg/Kg in hamster. The LD50 i.v. was similar for rat and mouse (about 100 mg/kg). Pretreatment with plafibride did not alter acute toxicity, which implies the absence of accumulation of the compound which would have led to an increase in toxicity. Nor was there any appearance of enzymatic induction, in which case a decrease would be observed in the toxicity of the product.
Median lethal dose
Lethal dose
Cite
Citations (0)
To investigate the toxicity of aqueous extract of Guibourtia tessmannii (Harms) J. Leonard (G. tessmannii) and evaluate its safety. NMRI mice were used to determine the acute toxicity of G. tessmannii. Increasing concentrations of the plant extracts were administered intraperitoneally or by force-feeding. General behavior and death were monitored and recorded daily for 7 days. In order to determine the sub-acute toxicity of the extract, several doses were administered by oral gavage daily for 28 days in adult Wistar rats. Different parameters were assessed including body weight, food and water intake, biochemical parameters and several vital organ weights. LD50 of 328.78 mg/kg was obtained by i.p. route and more than 5 000 mg/kg was obtained in acute toxicity by oral route. In sub-acute toxicity, no significant alteration was observed in body weight or vital organs, food and water intake, and biochemical parameters. The results showed that the aqueous extract of G. tessmannii has low toxicity intraperitoneally and no sub-acute toxicity via oral intake.
Median lethal dose
Lethal dose
Cite
Citations (24)
We investigated methiozolin acute toxicity using with Sprague-Dawley rats. The results of acute oral toxicity using rats showed value of over 2,000 mg/kg bw for methiozolin. The calculate acute dermal value of methiozolin was over 4,000 mg/kg. The skin irritation test showed moderately irritation and weak response of eye irritation test was observed in this experimental condition. According to these results, We concluded that methiozolin was Category IV in GHS chemical classification for acute toxicity. Future, we need more chronic toxicity test for safety.
Eye irritation
Skin irritation
Chronic toxicity
Median lethal dose
Cite
Citations (0)
The REACH Regulation requires information on acute oral toxicity for substances produced or imported in quantities greater than one ton per year. When registering, animal testing should be used as last resort. The standard acute oral toxicity test requires use of animals. Therefore, the European Chemicals Agency examined whether alternative ways exist to generate information on acute oral toxicity. The starting hypothesis was that low acute oral toxicity can be predicted from the results of low toxicity in oral sub-acute toxicity studies. Proving this hypothesis would allow avoiding acute toxicity oral testing whenever a sub-acute oral toxicity study is required or available and indicates low toxicity. ECHA conducted an analysis of the REACH database and found suitable studies on both acute oral and sub-acute oral toxicities for 1,256 substances. 415 of these substances had low toxicity in the sub-acute toxicity study (i.e., NO(A)EL at or above the limit test threshold of 1,000 mg/kg). For 98% of these substances, low acute oral toxicity was also reported (i.e., LD50 above the classification threshold of 2,000 mg/kg). On the other hand, no correlation was found between lower NO(A)ELs and LD50. According to the REACH Regulation, this approach for predicting acute oral toxicity needs to be considered as part of a weight of evidence analysis. Therefore, additional sources of information to support this approach are presented. Ahead of the last REACH registration deadline, in 2018, ECHA estimates that registrants of about 550 substances can omit the in vivo acute oral toxicity study by using this adaptation.
Cite
Citations (0)