[Position of the international forum of internal medicine on habits, lifestyle changes and a healthy environment for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases].
Rodrigo SabioPascual ValdézMaría Natalia NachónClaudia AriasCarlos Nitsch MontielEduardo PennyFelipe Melgar CuellarCarlos Araya FonsecaRuben Montúfar GuardadoÁgueda CotignolaAndrea OdzakJorge FranchellaAland BissoMaritza DuránRodolfo Palencia VizcarraRicardo Gómez‐HuelgasWesley RodríguezHugo MilioneRoberto ParodiEmilio Buchaca FaxasLuis Rojas OrellanaMaría Lucía Fortuna PeraltaCinthia Coral CristaldoJosé OrtelladoJesús Díez‐ManglanoJuan José BarriosMaría Cristina Hernández JiménezJames Gutiérrez TudelaGustavo BrunoJorge Contreras MónchezSilvio PayasliánJavier PollánHelí HernándezAndrea VaucherIsis BetancourtHelga CodinaHugo CelauroSilvia CorteseMarina RissoHomero PuelloEmilio CasariegoLorenzo Díaz SalazarRosalía García PeñaSonia Indacochea-CácedaLuis García-CarriónEvelyn Murillo SalvatierraMatías MirofskyGabriela AndradeAdolfo SaviaP. Castellano CandaAlejandro CárdenasDiana Rodríguez-HurtadoMonserrat Chimeno ViñasMario PatiñoRubén Gómez MendozaGustavo ArboHoracio J RomanoAlejandra Sánchez CabezasYazmín Abuabara TurbayRoxana HizaLuís CamposMaria do Patrocínio Tenório NunesLèlita SantosVirginia Salazar MatosTatiana EspinosaJorge González Ruiz DíazSantiago CarrascoAdriana RomaníLourdes EscaleraRodolfo Palencia DíazGabriela GiaccagliaJose Galarza NuñezPilar Román SánchezMariana CostanzoSandra Garay TamaraJorge Rodriguez GarcíaOscar BelliniAlberto Ruiz‐CanteroLuis Alberto CámeraMiguel Serra ValdésRaúl LedesmaMiguel Blanco AspiazúAltagracia Mejía TerreroJosé Javier Arango ÁlvarezKaren Elizabeth Cárcamo De VillatoroOmar Castillo FernándezRaquel MonteghirfoCarlos GalarzaFederico SomozaAlejandro SchejtmanBismarck PérezAgustina MarconiAlfredo Cabrera Rayo
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Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), mainly ischemic heart disease and stroke, is the main cause of death worldwide and each year more people die from CVD than from any other cause. These data call for a paradigm shift, where health promotion and cardiovascular prevention will acquire a central role in health policies. From this perspective, dedicating time during the consultation to promoting the acquisition of heart-healthy habits would be indicated in all individuals, regardless of cardiovascular risk classification, the role of the internist being fundamental. This position document from the International Forum of Internal Medicine (FIMI) presents the main indications regarding changes in lifestyle and acquisition of healthy habits to prevent CVD. The different sections will address topics including: nutrition, physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, sleep, stress, environmental problems related to CVD and specific conditions in women. A section is included about starting CVD promotion and prevention measures at an early age, childhood and adolescence, also mentioning epigenetic aspects related to CVD. Social determinants in CVD are also taken into account, since some of these aspects, such as low socioeconomic level, modify cardiovascular risk and should be taken into account.Las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV), principalmente la cardiopatía isquémica y el accidente cerebrovascular (ACV), constituyen la principal causa de muerte a nivel mundial y cada año mueren más personas por ECV que por cualquier otra causa. Estos datos requieren la necesidad de un cambio de paradigma, en donde la promoción de la salud y la prevención cardiovascular adquieran un papel central en las políticas sanitarias. Desde esta perspectiva, dedicar tiempo durante la consulta en promocionar la adquisición de hábitos cardiosaludables estaría indicado en todos los individuos, independientemente de la clasificación de riesgo cardiovascular, siendo fundamental el rol del médico internista en su función de médico de cabecera. En este documento de posicionamiento del Foro Internacional de Medicina Interna (FIMI) se presentan algunas pautas para recomendar e indicar modificaciones en el estilo de vida y adquisición de hábitos saludables para prevenir la ECV, que tienen el objetivo de ser una herramienta practica para el médico internista. Las diferentes secciones abordaran temas que incluyen: nutrición, actividad física, sedentarismo, obesidad, hábito tabáquico, consumo de alcohol, sueño, estrés, problemas ambientales relacionados a la ECV y condiciones específicas en la mujer. Se incluyó un apartado acerca de comenzar las medidas de promoción y prevención de ECV en edades tempranas, infancia y adolescencia, mencionando además aspectos epigenéticos relacionados a la ECV. Se tienen en cuenta además los determinantes sociales en ECV, ya que algunos de estos aspectos, como el bajo nivel socioeconómico, modifican el riesgo cardiovascular y debieran ser tenidos en cuenta.Keywords:
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Introduction: Data on hydration status in older adults are scarce and there are very few studies focused on the impact of physical activity on drinking behaviour.
Objective: To determine the impact of physical activity and sedentary lifestyle on fluid intake in Spanish older adults.
Method: 430 non-institutionalized Spanish older adults (58% females), aged 55-80 years were divided into four groups: ILS (inactive and low sedentary), HIS (inactive and high sedentary), ALS (active and low sedentary) and AHS (active and high sedentary). Experimental data were collected by questionnaires, physical fitness tests, and osmolality was measured in serum. Data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA.
Results: Serum osmolality values were within references values in all subjects, independently of the physical activity and sedentary level. Liquid intake increased in parallel with physical activity. There were significant differences between ILS/ALS (p=0.002) and IHS/ALS (p=0.001), and no differences were found between AHS/IHS (p=0.066).
Conclusions: Spanish elderly seem to be well hydrated independently of the physical activity and sedentary level. Physical activity has a higher impact on fluid intake than sendentary lifestyle.
Supported by Instituto Salud Carlos III (PI11/01791 & CB12/03/30038). ImFINE and NUCOX are members of the EXERNET research network.
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Abstract The American Heart Association defined 7 ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics and the benefits of them in reducing the incidence of stroke are well established, but it is unclear whether changes in them alter stroke risk. We calculated the changes of 7 ideal CVH metrics from 2006 to 2008 among 64,373 participants in the Kailuan study. We tested whether changes in the numbers and total scores for the CVH metrics were associated with the incidence of stroke in the 4.89 person-years follow-up. Cox regression modeling was used to estimate the risk of stroke. By year 2008, CVH metrics number of 32.54% participants improved (change ≥+1); 31.90% deteriorated (≤−1); 35.56% stayed the same; In the follow-up,we identified1,182 incident stroke events. Each increase in CVH metrics and every 1-point increase in total CVH score from 2006 to 2008 were associated with reduced odds of total stroke (hazard ratio = 0.87; 95% confidence interval; 0.83–0.92 and 0.89[0.86–0.92] respectively), after adjusting for age, gender, educational level, income and scores for the metrics of ideal CVH at baseline. Positive changes in ideal CVH metrics reduce the incidence of stroke. Our results support the concept that achieving ideal CVH helps to prevent stroke.
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Regular physical activity has been recommended for decades because of the notable health benefits, while the potential negative consequences of sedentary activity are only beginning to be understood. This disconnect may be due in part to early assumptions that physical activity and sedentary activity were inversely related, such that regular engagement in physical activity was incompatible with high amounts of sedentary activity. More recent evidence suggests that physical activity and sedentary activity are distinct, and that excessive sedentary activity may be detrimental to health and well-being. Despite the known health benefits, worldwide participation in regular physical activity is low. High rates of sedentary activity are also prevalent, particularly in developed countries. Common theories for understanding physical and sedentary activity are articulated, as well as effective interventions for increasing physical activity and decreasing sedentary activity. Technological approaches offer a novel and potentially more sustainable approach to intervening on physical and sedentary activity. Measuring physical and sedentary activity presents unique challenges, which are being addressed in part by the use of technology.
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EPSTEIN, L.H., and J.N. ROEMMICH. Reducing sedentary behavior: role in modifying physical activity. Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev., Vol. 29, No. 3, pp 103–108, 2001. Decreased physical activity is associated with the increased incidence of obesity. Behavioral economic research demonstrates that reducing sedentary behaviors in children increases physical activity. Understanding how people choose physical or sedentary activities can aid in developing public health initiatives that increase access to physical activity, while reducing access to sedentary behaviors.
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This paper aims to establish PE teachers' views and understanding of physical activity promotion. The paper presents selected findings from a larger scale research project which investigated physical activity promotion within a whole school context. Questionnaires were completed by 42 secondary school PE Heads of Department (PEHoDs) and follow‐up interviews were conducted with a smaller sample (n=9). PEHoDs were generally found to have positive views towards physical activity promotion in schools and most spoke of promoting it through their curricular and extra‐curricular PE programmes. Despite this, a number demonstrated a rather limited understanding of physical activity promotion and how it could be approached in their school. It was concluded that, if PE teachers are to have a real impact on young people's physical activity behaviour, they need to be encouraged and supported to adopt a broader view and understanding of physical activity promotion and of their role within it.
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Older participants identified as having decreased physical activity according to the Japanese version of the Cardiovascular Health Study criteria did not show a significant reduction in accelerometer-measured physical activity. Despite its widespread use in Japanese studies, the Japanese version of the Cardiovascular Health Study physical activity questionnaire may not effectively capture declines in physical activity. The datasets analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. FIGURE S1. Distribution of frequencies for each level of physical activity intensity. The durations for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light-intensity physical activity (LPA), and sedentary behavior (SB) were 32 ± 27, 414 ± 107, and 522 ± 112 min/day, respectively. The medians (interquartile ranges) for MVPA, LPA, and SB were 25 (11–48), 425 (341–484), and 515 (438–595) min/day, respectively. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
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