The Overview of Oral Solid Dosage Forms and Different Excipients Used for Solid Dosage Formulation
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When creating pharmaceutical dosage forms, the selection of excipients plays a significant role in the preformulation and formulation research. Excipients physical, mechanical, and chemical characteristics have a big impact on the final product and other formulation parameters like disintegration, dissolution, and shelf life. As a result, numerous studies have been carried out to assess how drug-excipient interactions affect the formulation as a whole. The information on excipients physical and chemical instability and compatibility with the active pharmaceutical component in solid oral dosage forms during various drug manufacturing procedures is reviewed in this article. The impact of these interactions on the drug formulation process has been discussed in detail. Examples of various excipients used in solid oral dosage forms have been included to elaborate on different drug-excipient interactions.Keywords:
Excipient
Pharmaceutical technology
Pharmaceutical formulation
Pharmaceutical Sciences
Pharmaceutics
When creating pharmaceutical dosage forms, the selection of excipients plays a significant role in the preformulation and formulation research. Excipients physical, mechanical, and chemical characteristics have a big impact on the final product and other formulation parameters like disintegration, dissolution, and shelf life. As a result, numerous studies have been carried out to assess how drug-excipient interactions affect the formulation as a whole. The information on excipients physical and chemical instability and compatibility with the active pharmaceutical component in solid oral dosage forms during various drug manufacturing procedures is reviewed in this article. The impact of these interactions on the drug formulation process has been discussed in detail. Examples of various excipients used in solid oral dosage forms have been included to elaborate on different drug-excipient interactions.
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Pharmaceutical technology
Pharmaceutical formulation
Pharmaceutical Sciences
Pharmaceutics
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Abstract: Molecular pharmaceutics play a critical role in the drug delivery system, representing the direct interconnection of drug bioavailability with its molecular form. There is a diversity in the molecular structures by which it affects its properties, such as amorphous form, crystalline form, partialamorphous molecular dispersion, and disordered state. The active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and the excipients utilized in the formulation process contain various divergent modes used in the formulation process. They include better formulations of any type to obtain good quality pharmaceutical products. This review reveals how the molecular states affect the API and are important in maintaining the quality of dosage forms. Furthermore, the physio-chemical properties of the components and various pharmaceutical approaches employed in the formulation of dosage forms are studied from the point of view of molecular pharmaceutics.
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This literature review presents hydrolysis of active pharmaceutical ingredients as well as the effects on dosage form stability due to hydrolysis of excipients. Mechanisms and measurement methods are discussed and recommendations for formulation stabilization are listed.
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The form in which drugs are prepared is considered as an important determinant of its bioavailability. In pharmaceutical formulations, excipients offer add-on characteristic properties as integrity, stability, solubility, and patient compliance to those intrinsic properties exhibited by the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs). Natural excipients are nowadays gaining a global interest compared to the synthetic ones being nontoxic, biocompatible, less expensive and widely available. This review describes the major conventional pharmaceutical applications of natural excipients.
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It is rare to have a pharmaceutical dosage form presented with just the pure active pharmaceutical ingredient because the drug substance does not possess adequately desirable physical attributes to be processed into the final dosage form. Consequently, additives or excipients which are inert ingredients serving a functional purpose are added to enhance the overall properties of the final formulation for ease of processability or drug product performance. Variability in excipients arises from source of raw materials and in synthesis/manufacturing process resulting in different mechanisms of action, optimum concentration for use and final product performance including drug-excipient interactions. Unsurprisingly, variability of excipients has been well researched within specific focus areas. This review article aims to look at how different pharmaceutical processes are influenced by the differences in excipient properties as well as advanced analytical and statistical modeling techniques used in their development and characterization.
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Background: Pharmaceutical excipients are critical in the formulation of any dosage form. Not many additives employed in the drug product manufacture have properties, which meet the desired qualities that the finished product must have. Therefore, it is mandatory to mix the drug substance with other substances to overcome the deficiencies. As a result, almost all pharmaceutical products are mixtures of active pharmaceutical ingredient and additives. So, there is a compelling need of these substances and normally they occupy the major part of any drug product. Excipients are of different chemical categories that have varying physicochemical properties like solubility, miscibility and the nature and source of these materials vary. With growing number of pharmaceutical excipients and polymers, the question of evaluating their toxicity is becoming a complex issue. Many polymers and novel excipients are now available in the market and with their diverse chemical nature and different sources and presence of impurities and their adverse effects will further complicate the safety profiling of these excipients. Conclusion: This review article will discuss the unwanted biological activities of some commonly used excipients and issues of the supply of the pharmaceutical excipients that need to be highly regulated and monitored to ensure availability of quality and pure excipient compounds.
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An appropriate pharmaceutical formulation enables optimal performance of active pharmaceutical ingredients. The major emphasis of pharmaceutical companies is to produce safe and effective drug-dosage form, so that the general public could be able to take their medicines in an appropriate and accurate dose. A drug dosage is often referred to as "pharmaceutical," and it is defined as a form or means by which the drug substances are delivered to the site of action to produce the desired therapeutic effect. Pharmaceutical formulations or dosage forms can be classified according to the route of administration or according to the physical forms. A suspension is a dispersion system in which finely divided drug particles of 0.5 to 5.0 microns in size are dispersed uniformly in a suitable liquid vehicle in which the drug has minimum solubility. Semi-solid dosage forms are pharmaceutical preparations having semi-solid consistency and are applied topically on the skin or mucous membrane, providing a protective or a therapeutic effect.
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