The Effect of a Father's Support on Breastfeeding: A Systematic Review
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Aim: Including fathers in breastfeeding education programs may raise infant breastfeeding rates and durations. The aim of the study was to assess the effect on breastfeeding of breastfeeding education and/or psychosocial interventions in which fathers are included. Method: The study is based on the PRISMA method, the technique that is used in systematic reviews. A search was conducted in the literature over the period November 1, 2021-December 1, 2021 using keywords and without imposing any time restrictions. The databases "PubMed," "Web of Science," Scopus," "Medline," and "CINAHL" were scanned. Results: A total of 462 publications were reached. However, only 7 studies were considered for review on the basis of the inclusion criteria. Six of these 7 studies indicated that the support of the father increased the breastfeeding rate. Conclusions: This review shows that a father's support of breastfeeding improves breastfeeding outcomes. Including fathers in the breastfeeding process and ensuring their active participation increase breastfeeding rates.Keywords:
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Abstract Background High breastfeeding attrition rates have been attributed to a number of factors, but the effect of previous breastfeeding experience on subsequent breastfeeding duration has not been adequately investigated. Methods In this study, 559 multiparous mothers were recruited and followed prospectively for 12 months or until the infant was weaned. Results When compared with having previously breastfed for > 3 months, no previous breastfeeding experience ( HR 3.24 [95% CI 2.37–4.42]) or a breastfeeding duration of ≤ 3 months ( HR 2.56; 95% CI 2.05?3.20) substantially increased the risk of early weaning. Similarly, participants who had not exclusively breastfed ( HR 1.82 [95% CI 1.46?2.26]) or who had exclusively breastfed for ≤ 2 months ( HR 1.65 [95% CI 1.29?2.10]) were more likely to stop exclusive breastfeeding when compared with those who had exclusively breastfed for > 2 months. More than 40 percent of the participants who had previously breastfed for > 3 months had shorter current breastfeeding durations. The median decreases in any and exclusive breastfeeding for this group were 16.4 weeks and 13.1 weeks, respectively. Conclusions Multiparous women with no previous breastfeeding experience and those with a short duration of previous breastfeeding should be provided with greater support to promote a longer duration of breastfeeding. Multiparous women with a longer duration of breastfeeding should be strongly encouraged to meet or exceed this duration with their current infant.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a breastfeeding education program on breastfeeding initiation rates, breastfeeding knowledge, and attitude towards breastfeeding among teenage mothers at an urban school for pregnant and parenting teens. Breastfeeding initiation rose from 35.7% in the control group to 85.2% in the treatment group. The mean score on the Breastfeeding Knowledge Subscale was significantly higher for the treatment group but not the control group. There was not a significant increase in mean scores on the Breastfeeding Attitude Subscale. Participants who initiated breastfeeding scored also had a significant increase in scores from pretest to posttest on the Breastfeeding Knowledge Subscale, while participants who did not initiate breastfeeding did not.
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Self-Efficacy
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There is wide variation in the duration of breastfeeding across Europe which may in part be due to the between-country differences in mothers' and societal attitudes towards breastfeeding in public. The objective of this study was to quantify and compare the maternal attitudes to, and practice of, breastfeeding in public in four European centers and investigate the association with duration of breastfeeding.Participants (n = 389) were mothers recruited from maternity wards of hospitals in Glasgow (Scotland), Stockholm (Sweden), Granada (Spain), and Reggio-Emilia (Italy).Among those who had breastfed, Scottish (adjOR 0.25 [95% CI 0.12-0.50]) and Italian mothers (adjOR 0.30 [95% CI 0.14-0.63]) were significantly less likely than Swedish mothers to have ever breastfed in public. Mothers who had a negative attitude toward breastfeeding in public were less likely to have ever breastfed in public (adjOR 0.05 [95% CI 0.02-0.17]), and those who had never breastfed in public were in turn more likely to discontinue breastfeeding earlier.Perceived social norms may exert a stronger influence on breastfeeding outcomes than a woman's breastfeeding attitudes and knowledge. Differences between European countries in the duration of breastfeeding may be explained in part by differences in societal attitudes to breastfeeding in public.
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Abstract This study presents and explains the phenomenon of indexjacking , which involves the systematic infiltration of hijacked journals into international indexing databases, with Scopus being one of the most infiltrated among these databases. Through an analysis of known lists of hijacked journals, the study identified at least 67 hijacked journals that have penetrated Scopus since 2013. Of these, 33 journals indexed unauthorized content in Scopus and 23 compromised the homepage link in the journal's profile, while 11 did both. As of September 2023, 41 hijacked journals are still compromising the data of legitimate journals in Scopus. The presence of hijacked journals in Scopus is a challenge for scientific integrity due to the legitimization of unreliable papers that have not undergone peer review and compromises the quality of the Scopus database. The presence of hijacked journals in Scopus has far‐reaching effects. Papers published in these journals may be cited, and unauthorized content from these journals in Scopus is thus imported into other databases, including ORCID and the WHO COVID‐19 Research Database. This poses a particular challenge for research evaluation in those countries, where cloned versions of approved journals may be used to acquire publications and verifying their authenticity can be difficult.
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Why do mothers give up breastfeeding, even though breastfeeding has great importance to them? This study examines what has affected mother's confidence in breastfeeding when she gives up breastfeeding.A metasynthesis of seven studies on mothers' experiences with breastfeeding was conducted using Noblit and Hare's methodological approach.The metasynthesis shows that confidence in breastfeeding is shaped by shattered expectations and is affected on an immediate level by mothers' expectations, the network and the breastfeeding experts and on a discourse level by the discourses: breastfeeding as nature, the female body as a machine and the note of caution. Foucault's concept of discourse is used to discuss how these discourses affect mothers' confidence in breastfeeding by giving the right to speak about breastfeeding to the breastfeeding experts, by isolating the mothers who do not breastfeed and by organizing knowledge about breastfeeding in a certain way.The individual mother is responsible for the success of breastfeeding and the discourses are hiding that general perceptions of breastfeeding undermines the mothers' confidence in breastfeeding and leads to shattered expectations.
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Our aim was to study factors affecting the initiation, progress and duration of breastfeeding in Greece.We studied 938 infants born in 2001 in 17 maternity hospitals in Greece.The percentage of breastfeeding infants was 85.5%. The actual progress of breastfeeding was different from the one that the mothers intended to follow. Although the majority of women claimed in the beginning that they would breastfeed mainly for four to six months (23.2%) and 12-14 months (23.1%), the majority had discontinued breastfeeding by the fourth month (58.5%) and only 7.3% breastfed for more than one year. The initiation time of breastfeeding was positively influenced by natural delivery (p = 0) and pleasant delivery (p = 0.397). Smoking was negatively associated with the duration of breastfeeding (p = 0) and the infants of smokers breastfed mainly for one to two months (38.7%). Exclusive breastfeeding in the maternity hospital was positively associated with the mother's intention to refuse to use a mixed diet after being discharged (p = 0).Greater support is needed so that women can implement their original intentions concerning the progress of breastfeeding.
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How Breastfeeding Behavior is Affected by the Breastfeeding Perspectives of Fathers in Georgia (USA)
Background: Father support has recently been associated with increasing breastfeeding rates, but research is limited on how the American father’s perspectives of breastfeeding influence breastfeeding behavior. The aim of the study was to investigate the perspectives of fathers residing in Georgia on breastfeeding and to understand if it contributed to mothers’ decisions to breastfeed.
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Increasing the rates of both initiation of breastfeeding and duration of breastfeeding are national health objectives. In the United States, the actual in-hospital breastfeeding initiation rate is 64%, and duration rate (at 6 months postpartum) is 29%. These percentages fall short of the Healthy People 2010 goal for breastfeeding, which states that we should increase the proportion of mothers who initiate breastfeeding to at least 75%, and increase the proportion of mothers who continue to breastfeed until their infant is 6 months old to at least 50%. Factors influencing breastfeeding such as sociodemographics, maternal attitudes toward breastfeeding, influence of significant others, and the workplace environment are examined. Approaches to increasing the initiation and prolonging the duration of breastfeeding are discussed.
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Despite the benefits of breastfeeding for both infant and mother, rates in the United States remain below Healthy People 2020 breastfeeding objectives. This paper describes breastfeeding outcomes of the Delta Healthy Sprouts participants during gestational and postnatal periods. Of specific interest was whether breastfeeding intent, knowledge, and beliefs changed from the early to late gestational period. Additionally, analyses were conducted to test for associations between breastfeeding initiation and breastfeeding intent, knowledge and beliefs as well as sociodemographic characteristics and other health measures. Eighty-two pregnant women were enrolled in this project spanning three Mississippi counties. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups. Because both groups received information about breastfeeding, breastfeeding outcomes were analyzed without regard to treatment assignment. Hence participants were classified into two groups, those that initiated breastfeeding and those that did not initiate breastfeeding. Generalized linear mixed models were used to test for significant group, time, and group by time effects on breastfeeding outcomes. Breastfeeding knowledge scores increased significantly from baseline to late gestational period for both groups. Across time, breastfeeding belief scores were higher for the group that initiated breastfeeding as compared to the group that did not breastfeed. Only 39% (21 of 54) of participants initiated breastfeeding. Further, only one participant breastfed her infant for at least six months. Breastfeeding intent and beliefs as well as pre-pregnancy weight class significantly predicted breastfeeding initiation. Our findings indicate that increasing knowledge about and addressing barriers for breastfeeding were insufficient to empower rural, Southern, primarily African American women to initiate or continue breastfeeding their infants. Improving breastfeeding outcomes for all socioeconomic groups will require consistent, engaging, culturally relevant education that positively influences beliefs as well as social and environmental supports that make breastfeeding the more accepted, convenient, and economical choice for infant feeding. clinicaltrials.gov NCT01746394 . Registered 5 December 2012.
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