Fast and quantitative compositional analysis of hybrid cellulose-based regenerated fibers using thermogravimetric analysis and chemometrics
Chamseddine GuizaniMikaela TrogenHilda ZahraLeena PitkänenKaniz MoriamMarja RissanenMikko MäkeläHerbert SixtaMichael Hummel
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Cellulose can be dissolved with another biopolymer in a protic ionic liquid and spun into a bicomponent hybrid cellulose fiber using the Ioncell® technology. Inside the hybrid fibers, the biopolymers are mixed at the nanoscale, and the second biopolymer provides the produced hybrid fiber new functional properties that can be fine-tuned by controlling its share in the fiber. In the present work, we present a fast and quantitative thermoanalytical method for the compositional analysis of man-made hybrid cellulose fibers by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in combination with chemometrics. First, we incorporated 0-46 wt.% of lignin or chitosan in the hybrid fibers. Then, we analyzed their thermal decomposition behavior in a TGA device following a simple, one-hour thermal treatment protocol. With an analogy to spectroscopy, we show that the derivative thermogram can be used as a predictor in a multivariate regression model for determining the share of lignin or chitosan in the cellulose hybrid fibers. The method generated cross validation errors in the range 1.5-2.1 wt.% for lignin and chitosan. In addition, we discuss how the multivariate regression outperforms more common modeling methods such as those based on thermogram deconvolution or on linear superposition of reference thermograms. Moreover, we highlight the versatility of this thermoanalytical method-which could be applied to a wide range of composite materials, provided that their components can be thermally resolved-and illustrate it with an additional example on the measurement of polyester content in cellulose and polyester fiber blends. The method could predict the polyester content in the cellulose-polyester fiber blends with a cross validation error of 1.94 wt.% in the range of 0-100 wt.%. Finally, we give a list of recommendations on good experimental and modeling practices for the readers who want to extend the application of this thermoanalytical method to other composite materials.The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10570-021-03923-6.Keywords:
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Abstract The main product of mature coconuts is coconut meat, while its by-products consisting of coconut water, shell fiber and coir. Coconut coir contains 75% fiber and 25% cork. The high value of fiber in coconut coir provides an opportunity to be utilized in making paper. Coconut fiber has a cellulose content of 26.6%-43.44% and lignin of 29.4%-45.84%. Due to the high lignin content, delignification process should be carried out which can be done using sodium hydroxide (NaOH). This study aims to obtain the optimal point of addition of NaOH and cooking time to produce optimal cellulose and lignin levels in the delignification of the mature coconut fiber pulping process. The research method uses the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with two factors and two optimized responses. The experimental design was performed with a central composite design. The variables involved were NaOH concentration (5-15%) and cooking time (90-150 minutes). Two responses studied were lignin and cellulose content. The combination of these treatments produces the optimum point of NaOH concentration of 5% and cooking time of 150 minutes, resulting in 15.56% lignin content and 37.29 % cellulose content.
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Dissolution of cellulose in ionic liquids,dissolution mechanism,cellulose/ionic liquids solution properties,spinning process and properties of regenerated fiber were also disscussed.The ionic liquid was a new solvent for cellulose fiber with fast dissolution velocity,good dissolubility,easy recovery,high recovery ratio.The regenerated cellulose fiber from ionic liquids had good mechanical performance and luster.
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Cellulose, lignin and lignocellulose are important bioresources in the nature. Their effective and environmentally friendly utilization not only reduces dependence on fossil resources but also protects the environment. Recently, a class of novel eco-friendly solvents, ionic liquids, is employed to dissolve and process these bioresources. In this mini-review, we summarized the recent advances of processing and valorization of cellulose, lignin and lignocellulose in ionic liquids. It is expected that this up-to-date survey provides a comprehensive information of this field, and accelerates the development and utilization of the renewable plant biomass resources.
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Cellulose fibers were extracted from the rice straw by a chemi-mechanical technique to examine their potential for use as reinforcement fibers in biocomposite applications.The structure and thermal properties of the cellulose fibers was investigated by fourier transform infrared(FT-IR)spectroscopy,wide-angle X-ray diffraction(WAXD),and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA).The FT-IR results showed that cellulose fibers of rice straw demonstrated that this chemical treatment also led to partial removal of hemicelluloses and lignin from the structure of the fibers.XRD results revealed that this resulted in improved crystallinity of the fibers.The thermal properties of the straw fibers were found to increase dramatically.The degradation temperature of treated fiber reached beyond 300℃.This value is reasonably promising for the use of rice straw fibers in reinforcedpolymer composites.
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Cellulose can be dissolved with another biopolymer in a protic ionic liquid and spun into a bicomponent hybrid cellulose fiber using the Ioncell® technology. Inside the hybrid fibers, the biopolymers are mixed at the nanoscale, and the second biopolymer provides the produced hybrid fiber new functional properties that can be fine-tuned by controlling its share in the fiber. In the present work, we present a fast and quantitative thermoanalytical method for the compositional analysis of man-made hybrid cellulose fibers by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in combination with chemometrics. First, we incorporated 0-46 wt.% of lignin or chitosan in the hybrid fibers. Then, we analyzed their thermal decomposition behavior in a TGA device following a simple, one-hour thermal treatment protocol. With an analogy to spectroscopy, we show that the derivative thermogram can be used as a predictor in a multivariate regression model for determining the share of lignin or chitosan in the cellulose hybrid fibers. The method generated cross validation errors in the range 1.5-2.1 wt.% for lignin and chitosan. In addition, we discuss how the multivariate regression outperforms more common modeling methods such as those based on thermogram deconvolution or on linear superposition of reference thermograms. Moreover, we highlight the versatility of this thermoanalytical method-which could be applied to a wide range of composite materials, provided that their components can be thermally resolved-and illustrate it with an additional example on the measurement of polyester content in cellulose and polyester fiber blends. The method could predict the polyester content in the cellulose-polyester fiber blends with a cross validation error of 1.94 wt.% in the range of 0-100 wt.%. Finally, we give a list of recommendations on good experimental and modeling practices for the readers who want to extend the application of this thermoanalytical method to other composite materials.The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10570-021-03923-6.
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