Control of Rice Water Weevil with Selected Insecticides, 1997
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Abstract The experimental design was a RCB with 6 treatments and 4 replications. Plot size was 9 rows (7-inch spacing) by 20 ft. Each plot was bound by levees. Foundation seed rice was treated with fipronil 75 FS by Celpril Industries (Manteca, CA). Treated and untreated rice was drill seeded by Crowley silt loam at 90 lb/acre on 13 May and emerged between 24 and 28 May. Cool, rainy weather extended the emergence period and contributed to 5 to 15% stand reduction in plots. Propanil (Stam M4) and thiobencarb (Bolero 8 E) at 3 and 2 lb (AI)/acre, respectively, were applied for weed control on 12 Jun. Nitrogen was applied in a 3-way split of 90 lb N/acre as urea on 2 Jul and 30 lb N/acre on 23 and 31 Jul. Permanent flood was established on 27 Jun. Post-flood foliar treatments of Fury, Karate, and Dimilin were made with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer at 18 gpa. On 18 and 23 Jul three 4X4 inch (diam by depth) soil cores with an average of 3 plants/core were removed from plots. Soil was washed from the plant roots into a 40-mesh screen. The screen was immersed in salt water and RWW immatures were removed. Plots were harvested with a Yanmar combine on 7 Oct. Reported yields were adjusted to 12% moisture. Data were analyzed with an ANOVA and means separated with LSD.Keywords:
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Rice water
Propanil
Abstract Soybean plots were established in a commercial field located near Bridgeville, Delaware. The unreplicated plots consisted of 3-80 ft rows. Broadcast spray treatments were applied on June 27, with a wheel barrow design, CO2 sprayer which delivered 28 gal per acre at 40 psi. Plot evaluations for control were made on July 6 by examining the plants along 8 ft of row in 3 locations per treatment.
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Abstract Soybean test plots were 0.01 acre, replicated 4 times, and randomized. Sprays were applied with a CO2 pressurized sprayer delivering 10 gal of mixed spray per acre. Counts of live looper larvae were made 24 hr after treatment from a total of 12 ft of row from the middle two rows of each plot using the plant-shake ground-cloth method. Two tests were conducted.
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Cabbage looper
Shake
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Abstract Transplants were planted 30 May at the O’Neall Memorial Farm, Lafayette, Indiana. Plots consisted of single rows, 30 ft long, 8 ft apart, arranged in a RCB with four replications. Insecticides were applied with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer using hollow cone nozzle tips and delivering 16.3 gal water/acre at 30 psi. Sprays were applied 1 Aug. Insects were counted by destructively sampling 5 whole plants in each plot on 4 Aug. Results are presented as the average number of insects per 5 plants.
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Abstract Seven treatments were applied 22 Feb to 30-ft plots arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 4 times in a 2-yr-old stand of alfalfa southeast of Yuma, Ariz. Spray treatments were applied with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 6.7 gal/acre at 30 psi. Control plots received 6.7 gal water/acre at 30 psi, Plots were sampled at 1, 3, and 8 DAT with a standard 15-inch-diam sweep net. Ten 180° sweeps/plot were taken.
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Split plot
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Abstract Fourteen insecticides were evaluated in this test on alfalfa for control and effect on the insect fauna. Plots measuring 10 × 10 ft were utilized on the Yuma mesa. Each treatment as shown in table was replicated three times. Applications were made with a hand sprayer at 20 psi May 7 covering the treated area as uniformly as possible by using 20 seconds/plot. The amount of spray per acre was approximately 25 gal/acre.
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Table (database)
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Abstract Transplants were set 5 Sep, 15 inches apart on 8-inch-high beds of EauGallie fine sand covered with white polyethylene mulch. Each plot consisted of a single 15-ft row with rows on 5 ft centers. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete blocks design and were applied with a 2.5 gal, hand-held CO2-powered sprayer on 4, 12, 18, 26 Oct, 1, 7, 15, and 21 Nov. The sprayer was operated at 60 psi and the gallonage was increased as the plants grew. Thus, the sprayer delivered 60 gal/acre on the first spray, 85 gal/acre the next spray, 150 gal/acre the next two sprays, and 185 gal/acre for the final four sprays. The sprayer had a single nozzle fitted with a D-5 disk and #45 core. On 7 Dec, the number of small (<0.5 inch long) and large (≥0.5 inch long) Liriomyza spp. leafmines were counted in a 1 minute search of selected treatments. Fruit were harvested on 7 and 27 Nov and the number and weight of undamaged fruit and the number and weight of fruit damaged by noctuid larvae (primarily the southern armyworm) were determined.
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Fall armyworm
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Abstract Transplants were set 8 Sep, 15 inches apart on 8-inch-high beds of Eau Gallie fine sand covered with white polyethylene mulch. Each plot consisted of a single 15 ft row with rows on 5-ft centers. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete blocks design and were applied with a 2.5 gal, hand held CO2-powered sprayer on 17, 24, 31 Oct, 7, 14, 21, 28 Nov and 5 Dec. The sprayer was operated at 40 psi and the gallonage was increased as the plants grew. Thus, the sprayer delivered 90 gal/acre on the first spray, 105 gal/acre the next three sprays, 115 gal/acre the next three sprays, and 120 gal/acre for the final spray. The sprayer had a single nozzle fitted with a D-5 disk and #45 core. Fruit were harvested on 7 Dec and the numbers and weight of undamaged fruit and the numbers of fruit damaged by noctuid larvae (primarily the southern armyworm, S. eridania (Cramer) were determined.
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Fall armyworm
Limiting
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Abstract Transplants were set 2 Mar, 15 inches apart on 8-inch-high beds of Eau Gallie fine sand covered with white polyethylene mulch. Each plot consisted of a single 15 ft row with rows on 5 ft centers. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete blocks design and were applied with a 2.5 gal, hand held CO2-powered sprayer on 28 Mar, 4, 11, 17, 25 Apr, 1, 9, 16, and 22 May. The sprayer was operated at 40 psi and the gallonage was increased as the plants grew. Thus, the sprayer delivered 65 gpa the first two sprays, 90 gal/acre the next 2 sprays, 105 gal/acre the fifth spray, and 120 gal/acre for the remaining sprays. The sprayer had a single nozzle fitted with a D-5 disk and #45 core. Fruit were harvested on 30 May and the number and weight of undamaged fruit and the numbers of fruit damaged by noctuid larvae (primarily the southern armyworm, S. eridania (Cramer) and the tomato pinworm were determined.
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Plastic mulch
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Concentrate sprays gave equal or near equal control against insects and mites on pears,
prunes, peaches and almonds when compared with dilute sprays in last season's tests
in Northern California orchards. Possible advantages in the use of concentrate sprayers
include reductions in the amount of water needed and number of fills now used per
acre in dilute spraying (40 to 80 vs. 300 to 1500 gallons per acre). The amount of
pesticide used per acre can also be reduced by 25 to 40 per cent. Reductions are also
possible in time and man hours per job as well as sprayer costs and maintenance with
use of concentrate spraying equipment. No phytotoxic effects were caused by any of
the spray test applications.
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Orchard
Gallon (US)
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Abstract It is shown that the residual benzene hexachloride (BHC), determined analytically in a loam soil, is a function of the amount of benzene hexachloride (13% y ‐isomer) (referred to in this paper as BHC‐13) applied per acre and the time elapsing after application. A significant correlation was found between the level of residual BHC and degree of tainting of potatoes grown in the same soil. The taint measurements involved in the present work are in agreement with the much more numerous and independent measurements that formed the basis of an earlier paper. BHC‐13 thoroughly worked into the top six inches of a loam soil, at rates up to 8 lb. per acre, was lost at an exponential rate of approximately 50% per annum over the period of the trial. Provided that the application of BHC‐13 to the soil does not exceed 1/4 1b. /acre annually, the risk of growing tainted potatoes on loam soil in this country seems slight; surface application at rather higher rates may also be safe.
Persistence (discontinuity)
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