PDMS-based Screw-wall Microfluidic Channel Forming a Turbulent Flow at Low Reynold Number
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Keywords:
Microchannel
Polydimethylsiloxane
Soft Lithography
A novel, inexpensive, and easy-to-use strain sensor using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was developed. The sensor consists of a microchannel that is partially filled with a coloured liquid and embedded in a piece of PDMS. A finite element model was developed to optimize the geometry of the microchannel to achieve higher sensitivity. The highest gauge factor that was measured experimentally was 41. The gauge factor was affected by the microchannel’s square cross-sectional area, the number of basic units in the microchannel, and the inlet and outlet configuration. As a case study, the developed strain sensors were used to measure the rotation angle of the wrist and finger joints.
Microchannel
Polydimethylsiloxane
Strain gauge
Gauge factor
Microchannel plate detector
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Soft lithography using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) allows one to fabricate complex microfluidic devices easily and at low cost. However, PDMS swells in the presence of many organic solvents significantly degrading the performance of the device. We present a method to coat PDMS channels with a glass-like layer using sol–gel chemistry. This coating greatly increases chemical resistance of the channels; moreover, it can be functionalized with a wide range of chemicals to precisely control interfacial properties. This method combines the ease of fabrication afforded by soft-lithography with the precision control and chemical robustness afforded by glass.
Polydimethylsiloxane
Soft Lithography
PDMS stamp
Soft materials
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Arbitrary microchannel network was successfully produced with no costly equipment and no cytotoxic material. In our method, sacrificial caramel embedded inside solid PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) simply dissolves to form arbitrary shaped enclosed channels. Deformation of caramel by its surface tension realizes cylinder microchannel easily.
Polydimethylsiloxane
Microchannel
Molding (decorative)
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In this research work, author has presented a short review on nanofluidics. Total three individual microchannel bends as microfluidic devices are designed, fabricated and tested in this experimental work using author’s own hands-on completely. Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is the selected polymeric material to fabricate these microfluidic devices. Dyed water is prepared as working liquid to test these microfluidic devices. According to this experimental study, the surface-driven microfluidic flow of dyed water is faster in the microchannel of higher channel aspect ratio inside the microchannel bends. The surface-driven microfluidic flow of dyed water is faster due to the effect of centrifugal force inside the microchannel bends. This experimental work may be useful to develop the nanofluidic devices and systems in future by an experimental transition from microfluidics to nanofluidics.
Microchannel
Nanofluidics
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This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Microfluidic Devices for Concentration Gradients Electrochemistry and Microfluidics PDMS and Electrochemistry Optics and Microfluidics Unconventional Soft Lithographic Fabrication of Optical Sensors Acknowledgments References
Soft Lithography
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We create an elastic porous polydimethylsiloxane highly stretchable conductive substrate. The surface is fabricated by a simple soft lithography process that replicates the 3D corrugated porous microstructures from a low-cost commercially available abrasive paper.
Polydimethylsiloxane
Soft Lithography
Polypyrrole
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Soft lithography using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) allows one to fabricate complex microfluidic devices easily and at low cost. However, PDMS swells in the presence of many organic solvents significantly degrading the performance of the device. We present a method to coat PDMS channels with a glass-like layer using sol–gel chemistry. This coating greatly increases chemical resistance of the channels; moreover, it can be functionalized with a wide range of chemicals to precisely control interfacial properties. This method combines the ease of fabrication afforded by soft-lithography with the precision control and chemical robustness afforded by glass.
Polydimethylsiloxane
Soft Lithography
PDMS stamp
Soft materials
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Polydimethylsiloxane
Microscale chemistry
Microreactor
PDMS stamp
Microchannel
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Microfluidic chips—in which chemical or biological fluid samples are mixed into linear or nonlinear concentration distribution profiles—have generated enormous enthusiasm of their ability to develop patterns for drug release and their potential toxicology applications. These microfluidic devices have untapped potential for varying concentration patterns by the use of one single device or by easy-to-operate procedures. To address this challenge, we developed a soft-lithography-fabricated microfluidic platform that enabled one single device to be used as a concentration maker, which could generate linear, bell-type, or even S-type concentration profiles by tuning the feed flow rate ratios of each independent inlet. Here, we present an FFRR (feed flow rate ratio) adjustment approach to generate tens of types of concentration gradient profiles with one single device. To demonstrate the advantages of this approach, we used a Christmas-tree-like microfluidic chip as the demo. Its performance was analyzed using numerical simulation models and experimental investigations, and it showed an excellent time response (~10 s). With on-demand flow rate ratios, the FFRR microfluidic device could be used for many lab-on-a-chip applications where flexible concentration profiles are required for analysis.
Soft Lithography
Flow focusing
Microfluidic chip
Concentration gradient
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Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microchannel surfaces were modified by air plasma to improve their applicability in microfluidics. The procedure included an increase in air plasma duration from 10 to 30 s. This resulted in an increase of wettability which was demonstrated by the decrease of water contact angles from 105° to 8°. The surface modification‐assisted PDMS microchannel easily bonded to a glass surface, and a PDMS/glass microfluidic device was fabricated with a simplified process. Slight pressure applied directly over the PDMS microchannel (approximate dimensions of 2.5 µm deep and 8.8 µm wide) formed nanoslits with dimensions of 830 nm in width and 170 nm in height on the PDMS/glass interface. Nanoslit formation was directly correlated to the metastable collapse of PDMS microchannels on the glass surface after the plasma treatment. The fabricated microfluidic devices were successfully employed for λ ‐DNA capillary migration without any external driving force.
Polydimethylsiloxane
Microchannel
Surface Modification
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