Design of a temperature measurement and feedback control system based on an improved magnetic nanoparticle thermometer
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Magnetic fluid hyperthermia, as a novel cancer treatment, requires precise temperature control at 315 K–319 K (42 °C–46 °C). However, the traditional temperature measurement method cannot obtain the real-time temperature in vivo, resulting in a lack of temperature feedback during the heating process. In this study, the feasibility of temperature measurement and feedback control using magnetic nanoparticles is proposed and demonstrated. This technique could be applied in hyperthermia. Specifically, the triangular-wave temperature measurement method is improved by reconstructing the original magnetization response of magnetic nanoparticles based on a digital phase-sensitive detection algorithm. The standard deviation of the temperature in the magnetic nanoparticle thermometer is about 0.1256 K. In experiments, the temperature fluctuation of the temperature measurement and feedback control system using magnetic nanoparticles is less than 0.5 K at the expected temperature of 315 K. This shows the feasibility of the temperature measurement method for temperature control. The method provides a new solution for temperature measurement and feedback control in hyperthermia.Keywords:
Thermometer
Feedback Control
Magnetic hyperthermia
The application of nanostructures in hyperthermia treatment of cancer has attracted growing research interest due to the fact that magnetic nanoparticles are able to generate impressive levels of heat when excited by an external magnetic field [1–3]. Various types of nanoparticles such as magnetite and superparamagentic iron oxide nanoparticles have demonstrated great potentials in hyperthermia treatment; however many challenges need to be addressed for future applications of this method in clinical studies. One leading issue is the limited knowledge of nanoparticle distribution in tumors. Since the temperature elevation is induced as the result of the heat generation by the nanoparticles, the concentration distributions of the particles in a tumor play a critical role in determining the efficacy of the treatment. The lack of control of the nanoparticle distribution may lead to inadequacy in killing tumor cells and/or damage to the healthy tissue.
Hyperthermia Treatment
Hyperthermia therapy
Iron oxide nanoparticles
Heat Generation
Magnetic hyperthermia
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Many sports have a high risk of climatic ailments, such as hypothermia, hyperthermia, and heatstroke. The measurement of a sportsperson's body core temperature (Tc) may have an impact on their performances and it assists them to avoid injuries as well. To avoid complications like electrolyte imbalances or infections, it's essential to precisely measure the core body temperature during targeted temperature control when spontaneous circulation has returned. Previous approaches on the other hand, are intrusive and difficult to use. The usual technique, an oesophageal thermometer, was compared to a disposable non-invasive temperature sensor that used the heat flux methodology. This research indicates that, non-invasive disposable sensors used to measure core body temperature are very reliable when used for targeted temperature control after overcoming a cardiac arrest successfully. The non-invasive method of temperature measurement has somewhat greater accuracy than the invasive approach. The results of this study must be confirmed by more clinical research with various sensor types to figure out if the bounds of agreement could be increased. This will ensure that the findings are accurate based on core temperature.
Core temperature
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Magnetic hyperthermia
Thermometer
Dispersity
Iron oxide nanoparticles
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Hyperthermia is the name given to the technique involving selective heating of magnetic particles using high frequency magnetic field. The present paper uses the fact that tumor in the affected area can be removed by heating it up to temperatures, in range of 41ᵒC - 46ᵒC. We propose the power range of 2.75W - 6.5W applied to the magnetic nanoparticles up to time intervals till 10 seconds for a tumor with diameter up to 5cm for its removal. Temperature in the affected area has been studied as a function of magnetic nanoparticle diameter, exposure time of nanoparticles by alternating magnetic field and power.
Magnetic hyperthermia
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Thermotherapy, particularly magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia, is a promising modality both as a direct cancer cell killing and as a radiosensitization technique for adjuvant therapy. Dextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles were mixed with multiple tumor cell lines in solution and exposed to varying magnetic field regimes and combined with traditional external radiotherapy. Heating of cell lines by water bath in temperature patterns comparable to those achieved by nanoparticle hyperthermia was conducted to assess the relative value of nano-magnetic thermotherapy compared with conventional bulk heating techniques and data.
Iron oxide nanoparticles
Magnetic hyperthermia
Hyperthermia therapy
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Magnetic hyperthermia with magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) has been introduced to selective treatment of tumor and the MNPs also has demonstrated diagnosis. For non-invasive treatment, a therapeutic platform with temperature monitoring that can avoid overheating in normal tissues is of vital importance. In this study, we have developed a wireless temperature monitoring system by utilizing the combination of magnetic harmonic signals of the MNPs for magnetic hyperthermia treatment in laboratory experiments. We achieved an accurate measurement with an error of 0.18 °C. For practical use on breast/oral cancer, a detectable distance of at least 10 mm is required. To demonstrate the feasibility toward future biomedical applications, we investigated the dependency on the amount of Resovist® and the error is less than 0.5 °C in a 10 mm distance. Our system can measure the correct temperature regardless of Resovist amount. The results indicate that our system can apply for monitoring temperature on magnetic hyperthermia treatment.
Overheating (electricity)
Magnetic hyperthermia
Cancer Treatment
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This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Controlled Synthesis of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Surface Modification of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications Magnetism and Magnetically Induced Heating of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Applications of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles to Magnetic Hyperthermia Applications of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles to Hyperthermia-based Controlled Drug Delivery Conclusions Acknowledgment
Magnetism
Magnetic hyperthermia
Iron oxide nanoparticles
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In recent years, Hyperthermia has been used as an emerging technique for cancer treatment, especially for localized tumors. One of the promising cancer treatment approaches is magnetic nanoparticle (MNPs) Hyperthermia. In this theoretical work, the temperature distribution of a common tumor over the different sizes of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles, namely 25, 50, 100, and 200 nm, was studied via the finite element method. A two-dimensional method was used to simulate the tumor tissue, in which nanoparticles were incorporated and dispersed into the tumor uniformly. The bio heat transfer equation (BHTE) was applied to calculate the thermal processes in the human body. Results elucidated that decreasing magnetic nanoparticle size caused more temperature rise in the tumor cell during the Hyperthermia treatment, which led to better performance of the treatment. Finally, simulation results showed that the Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles with the sizes of 50-100 nm were applicable for Hyperthermia therapy with the optimum cellular uptake.
Hyperthermia Treatment
Magnetic hyperthermia
Hyperthermia therapy
Cancer Treatment
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Maghemite
Magnetic hyperthermia
Magnetite Nanoparticles
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Magnetic fluid hyperthermia, as a novel cancer treatment, requires precise temperature control at 315 K–319 K (42 °C–46 °C). However, the traditional temperature measurement method cannot obtain the real-time temperature in vivo, resulting in a lack of temperature feedback during the heating process. In this study, the feasibility of temperature measurement and feedback control using magnetic nanoparticles is proposed and demonstrated. This technique could be applied in hyperthermia. Specifically, the triangular-wave temperature measurement method is improved by reconstructing the original magnetization response of magnetic nanoparticles based on a digital phase-sensitive detection algorithm. The standard deviation of the temperature in the magnetic nanoparticle thermometer is about 0.1256 K. In experiments, the temperature fluctuation of the temperature measurement and feedback control system using magnetic nanoparticles is less than 0.5 K at the expected temperature of 315 K. This shows the feasibility of the temperature measurement method for temperature control. The method provides a new solution for temperature measurement and feedback control in hyperthermia.
Thermometer
Feedback Control
Magnetic hyperthermia
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Citations (14)