Evaluation of antimicrobial properties from the mangrove Rhizophora apiculata and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza of Burmanallah coast, South Andaman, India
Seepana RajendraKarthick PerumalNarayana Murthy KadaChatragadda RameshR. MohanrajuVijayakumar Annamalai
22
Citation
12
Reference
10
Related Paper
Citation Trend
Abstract:
Objective: To evaluate the antimicrobial potential of partially purified leaf, bark and root extracts obtained from two mangrove species Rhizophora apiculata and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza from South Andaman against clinical bacterial and fungal pathogens. Methods: Roots, bark and leaves were dried in the shade and subjected to organic solvent extraction. Antibacterial and antifungal activities were performed by agar well diffusion technique. Column purified extracts were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography for compound identification. Results: Results of the partially purified extracts were analyzed by column chromatography. Fractions collected by high performance liquid chromatography exhibited a wide range of antimicrobial activities against several bacterial and fungal pathogens. Fungal pathogen Aspergillus niger (25 mm) was found to be more sensitive against the mangrove extracts as compared with Klebsiella pneumoniae (23 mm), Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri, Salmonella typhi (22 mm). Active fractions were identified as tannin compounds based on the peaks obtained by high performance liquid chromatography. Conclusions: Present findings reveal that mangrove bark, roots, and leaves contain valuable metabolites, which have significant importance in the pharmacological industries. Hence, this study suggests that these two mangrove plants Rhizophora apiculata and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza are potential candidates for discovering antimicrobial compounds against clinical pathogens.Keywords:
Bruguiera
Rhizophoraceae
Rhizophora
Rhizophora mucronata
Mangrove ecosystem
Mangrove habitats are crucial for maintaining the biodiversity of coastal ecosystem. Climatic change, sea level rise and anthropogenic pressures are the major threats to mangrove forests. The Nicobar Islands comprised one of the pristine mangrove stands in India. The mega earthquake of >9 M and subsequent tsunami during 2004 caused destruction of over 70% of mangrove vegetation in Nicobar Islands. The present study was carried out in the Central Nicobar Group of Islands (Camorta, Nancowry, Katchall and Trinkat), where tsunami has entirely wiped out the mangrove vegetation. Re-colonization started on its own course. We enumerated nine species of mangrove plants and 30 species of mangrove associates from the surveyed locations. Lumnitzera racemosa has been recorded for the first time from the study area. Rhizophora mucronata and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza were the common pioneer mangrove species. Long-term monitoring of re-colonization process will help us in understanding succession of mangrove forests.
Rhizophora mucronata
Bruguiera
Rhizophora
Avicennia marina
Mangrove ecosystem
Cite
Citations (22)
Taxonomic significance of the leaf epidermis of five species of Rhizophoraceae has been brought out in the present study. The mangrove members ( Rhizophora apicuiata, R. mucronata, Ceriops decandra, Bruguiera cyclindrica ) and non-mangrove member ( Carallia integerrima ) are found to exhibit a number of similar characters. However, the non-mangrove species differs from the mangrove members in the following features: (1) Stomata of small size, (2) Mesoperigenous origin of aniso-and tetracytic stomata, (3) Absence of peri stomatal rim, (4) Absence of inner cuticular ledges, (5) Guard cells seated over the under-arched subsidiary cells, (6) Absence of hypodermis and (7) presence of idioblasts. Evidences from stipular morphology, embryology, wood anatomy, chemical charaters, seed coat anatomy and leaf epidermis suggest the placement of mangroves under Rhizophoraceae and the non-mangroves under Anisophylleaceae and Legnotideaceae.
Rhizophoraceae
Bruguiera
Rhizophora
Epidermis (zoology)
Rhizophora mucronata
Cite
Citations (1)
Mangrove ecosystem is an important ecosystem in coastal areas which is a habitat for various types of organisms. The existence of mangrove ecosystems in nature is strongly influenced by the availability of mangrove seedlings and seedlings because they are closely related to the secondary succession process in natural habitats. This research was conducted to analyze the potential for regeneration of mangrove seedlings in the coastal area of Dafi Village, Biak Numfor Regency, Papua. Data collection on the potential for regeneration of mangrove seedlings was carried out using the belt transect method. Analysis of species composition and structure of mangrove vegetation at the seedling level used analysis of species density, relative density, species frequency, relative frequency, and important value index. A total of seven mangrove species were found in the coastal area of Dafi Village, Biak Numfor Regency, consisting of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Bruguiera cylindrica, Ceriops Tagal, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora Stylosa, and Lumnitzera racemoza. The highest species density and relative density values were found in Bruguiera gymnorrizha and Cerops tagal, while the lowest was Rhizophora mucronata and Lumnitzera racemoza. The highest value of species frequency and relative frequency was Bruguiera gymnorrizha, while the lowest was Rhizophora mucronata. The highest Importance Value Index (INP) of mangrove seedlings was found in Ceriops tagal and Bruguiera gymnorrizha, while Rhizophora mucronata had the lowest INP compared to other species.Keywords: Mangrove Ecosystem; Mangrove Regeneration; Important Value Index AbstrakEkosistem mangrove merupakan ekosistem penting di wilayah pesisir yang menjadi habitat bagi berbagai jenis organisme. Keberadaan ekosistem mangrove dialam sangat dipengaruhi oleh ketersediaan anakan dan semai mangrove, karena sangat berkaitan erat dengan proses suksesi sekunder pada habitat alami. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan menganalisis potensi regenerasi semai mangrove di Pesisir Kampung Dafi Kabupaten Biak Numfor Papua. Pengumpulan data potensi regenerasi semai mangrove dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode belt transek. Analisis komposisi jenis dan struktur vegetasi mangrove tingkat semai menggunakan analisis kerapatan jenis, kerapatan relatif, frekuensi jenis, frekuensi relatif, dan indeks nilai penting. Total tujuh jenis mangrove ditemukan di Pesisir Kampung Dafi Kabupaten Biak Numfor yang terdiri atas jenis Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Bruguiera cylindrica, Ceriops Tagal, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora Stylosa, dan Lumnitzera racemoza. Nilai kerapatan jenis dan kerapatan relatif tertinggi ditemukan pada jenis Bruguiera gymnorrizha dan Cerops tagal, sedangkan terrendah adalah jenis Rhizophora mucronata dan Lumnitzera racemoza. Nilai frekuensi jenis dan frekuensi relatif tertinggi adalah jenis Bruguiera gymnorrizha sedangkan yang terendah adalah jenis Rhizophora mucronata. Indeks Nilai Penting (INP) semai mangrove tertinggi ditemukan pada jenis Ceriops tagal dan Bruguiera gymnorrizha sedangkan jenis Rhizophora mucronata memiliki INP terrendah dibanding jenis lainnya.Kata kunci: Ekosistem Mangrove; Regenerasi Mangrove; Indeks Nilai Penting
Rhizophora mucronata
Bruguiera
Rhizophora
Rhizophoraceae
Avicennia marina
Cite
Citations (0)
Research on the level of damage to mangrove ecosystems has been carried out in Estuarine Area Sei Jang. The purpose of this study was to determine the types of mangroves, the density and percentage of mangrove canopy cover, and the level of damage to mangrove ecosystems in the Sei Jang Estuary Area of Tanjung Pinang City. This research was conducted in March 2019. Determination of the research location using a purposive sampling method of 3 stations and using a 10 x 10 m transect for the density and percentage of mangrove canopy cover. The results found four types of mangroves namely Bruguiera gymnorhiza, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, and Ceriops tagal with density values (1.033-1.367 individu/ha) and the percentage of mangrove canopy cover with values (61.55-78.41%). For the level of damage at Station I and III are categorized (good) and Station II is categorized (Damaged).
Rhizophora mucronata
Bruguiera
Rhizophoraceae
Mangrove ecosystem
Rhizophora
Cite
Citations (4)
Sei Carang waters are a mangrove ecosystem area with a fairly wide area coverage, Sei Carang waters have mangrove ecosystems. This study aims to determine the level of mangrove density and production of mangrove litter in Sei Carang. This research was conducted May-June 2022 located in Sei Carang. Observation locations were determined by survey methods and point selection using purposive sampling. Then observations using line transects using a plot measuring 10x10 m. There were 6 species found at the study site, namely: Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Bruguiera gymnorhiza, Bruguiera sexangula, Sonneratia alba, Xylocarpus granatum. The most common types were found at station 1 where there were 6 of them, and at station 3 there were only 4 types. With density levels ranging from 1633.33 ind/ha to 2300 ind/ha. And also the highest litter production value occurs at station 3 with an average value of 7.21 (gbk/m2) and the lowest occurs at station 2 with an average value of 2.27 (gbk/m2), and the parameters of the Sei Carang waters are still relatively low. good for the life of the mangrove ecosystem when compared to seawater Quality Standards Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia No. 22 of 2021 concerning the Implementation of Environmental Protection and Management, Attachment VII.
Rhizophora mucronata
Bruguiera
Litter
Rhizophora
Rhizophoraceae
Mangrove ecosystem
Cite
Citations (0)
Objective: To evaluate the antimicrobial potential of partially purified leaf, bark and root extracts obtained from two mangrove species Rhizophora apiculata and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza from South Andaman against clinical bacterial and fungal pathogens. Methods: Roots, bark and leaves were dried in the shade and subjected to organic solvent extraction. Antibacterial and antifungal activities were performed by agar well diffusion technique. Column purified extracts were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography for compound identification. Results: Results of the partially purified extracts were analyzed by column chromatography. Fractions collected by high performance liquid chromatography exhibited a wide range of antimicrobial activities against several bacterial and fungal pathogens. Fungal pathogen Aspergillus niger (25 mm) was found to be more sensitive against the mangrove extracts as compared with Klebsiella pneumoniae (23 mm), Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri, Salmonella typhi (22 mm). Active fractions were identified as tannin compounds based on the peaks obtained by high performance liquid chromatography. Conclusions: Present findings reveal that mangrove bark, roots, and leaves contain valuable metabolites, which have significant importance in the pharmacological industries. Hence, this study suggests that these two mangrove plants Rhizophora apiculata and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza are potential candidates for discovering antimicrobial compounds against clinical pathogens.
Bruguiera
Rhizophoraceae
Rhizophora
Rhizophora mucronata
Mangrove ecosystem
Cite
Citations (22)
Rhizophoraceae
Rhizophora mucronata
Rhizophora
Bruguiera
Kandelia candel
Quadrat
Cite
Citations (6)
Endophytic fungi were isolated from leaves of Rhizophora apiculata Bl. and Rhizophora mucronata Lamk., two typical mangrove plants growing in the Pichavaram mangrove of Tamil Nadu, Southern India. Three hundred leaf segments from each plant species were sampled during dry and rainy months. More endophytes could be isolated during the rainy months than during the dry period. Hyphomycetes and sterile forms were more prevalent than ascomycetes or coelomycetes. Sporormiella minima, Acremonium sp. strain MG1 and a sterile fungus (MG90) were isolated from both plants irrespective of the season. Some endophytes were common to both plants, although a few appeared to be host specific. This is the first report on fungal endophytes in leaves of mangrove plants in India.Key words: endophytic fungi, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, mangrove, leaves.
Rhizophora mucronata
Hyphomycetes
Rhizophoraceae
Rhizophora
Endophyte
Cite
Citations (173)
Abstract Elementary composition and absorption spectra of humic acids (HAs) and fulvic acids (FAs) obtained from 4 Canadian and 2 Japanese soils were determined, and the relationships between these 2 properties were discussed. In this study, FA refers to the PVP adsorbed, i.e. coloured substances in what has been designated, in previous reports, as FA. In 3 soil samples, FA was divided into the acid (pH 1.0)-precipitable FA1 and non-precipitable FA2 fractions. 1. In the case of HAs, some correlations were observed between the carbon content and hydrogen content or C/H ratio. The hydrogen and nitrogen contents of the FA and FA1 samples tended to be higher while those of the FA2 samples tended to be lower than those of HAs obtained from the same soils. In all cases, conspicuous differences in the elementary composition were found between the FA1 and FA2 fractions.2. The absorption spectra (log E vs. λ curves, in 0.1 N NaOH) of 5 out of 17 samples of HAs and FAs showed absorption bands due to the dissociation of the dihydroxyperylene quinone moiety (Pg). The absorption spectra of the other 12 samples were almost featureless. E 4,(E 600 nm 1%), E 4,(E 400 nm 1%), E 2.5,(E 250 nm 1%), E 4/E 6(E 400 nm/E 600 nm) and Pg content were adopted as parameters characterizing the spectra.3. The pH dependency of the absorption spectra was examined in solutions having various pHs.4. Several correlations were found between the parameters and the elementary composition of HAs and FAs. Based on the relation between the carbon content and E1% values, FAs were divided into 2 groups. The elementary composition of each group showed distinct regularities. Key Words: absorption spectrumelementary compositionfulvic acidhumic acid
Bruguiera
Cite
Citations (25)