Foliar fungal endophytes from two species of the mangrove Rhizophora
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Endophytic fungi were isolated from leaves of Rhizophora apiculata Bl. and Rhizophora mucronata Lamk., two typical mangrove plants growing in the Pichavaram mangrove of Tamil Nadu, Southern India. Three hundred leaf segments from each plant species were sampled during dry and rainy months. More endophytes could be isolated during the rainy months than during the dry period. Hyphomycetes and sterile forms were more prevalent than ascomycetes or coelomycetes. Sporormiella minima, Acremonium sp. strain MG1 and a sterile fungus (MG90) were isolated from both plants irrespective of the season. Some endophytes were common to both plants, although a few appeared to be host specific. This is the first report on fungal endophytes in leaves of mangrove plants in India.Key words: endophytic fungi, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, mangrove, leaves.Keywords:
Rhizophora mucronata
Hyphomycetes
Rhizophoraceae
Rhizophora
Endophyte
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Con base en estudios moleculares previamente presentados, se reestablece Rhizophora samoensis (Hochr.) Salvoza y R. brevistyla Salvoza como nombres válidos de mangles rojos para el Pacífico Este. Se reporta por primera vez el idéntico significado de los nombres vernáculos de R. samoensis en Samoa y costa de Ecuador. Se designa el lectotipo del basónimo Rhizophora mangle var. samoensis.
Rhizophoraceae
Rhizophora
Rhizophora mucronata
Rhizophora mangle
Basionym
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Rhizophora mucronata var. alokii (Rhizophoraceae), a new variety of Rhizophora from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India, is described and illustrated. The new variety is remarkable in having four stamens, laterally folded leaves, a short peduncle, thick leathery petals, and a four-sided ovary with a sessile style. A key for the species of Rhizophora of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands is also provided.
Rhizophoraceae
Rhizophora mucronata
Rhizophora
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Rhizophora mucronata
Rhizophora
Rhizophoraceae
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The genus Rhizophora belonging to the family Rhizophoraceae are known for their natural interspecific hybrids. The essential oil composition of Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata and Rhizophora x annamalayana were identified using GC-MS analysis. Pentadecyl ester bromoacetic acid (14.72 %), eugenol (26.16 %) and n-tetratriacontane (8.43 %) were found to contribute higher proportion of Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata and Rhizophora x annamalayana respectively. Alkanes and fatty acids were found to be the higher composition in all the three species.
Rhizophora mucronata
Rhizophoraceae
Rhizophora
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Introduction: Herbal medicines play an important role in cancer prevention. Mangroves have been used worldwide due to the presence of various bioactive metabolites in it. The specific medicinal properties of Rhizophora mucronata have been an interest in preventing breast cancer. Mangroves Rhizophora mucronata belongs to the family Rhizophoraceae. The leaf extract reveals various roles in folk remedies to treat various diseases. The aim of the study is to determine anticancer activity of Rhizophora mucronata mangroves leaf extract against lung cancer cell line Methodology: The Rhizophora mucronata mangrove leaf samples were collected. The collected sample was washed and then dried for and turned into fine powder. A 25g dried powdered Rhizophora mucronata sample was mixed with 100ml of Ethanol and allowed to place for 24 hours at ambient temperature. Then the mixture was passed through Whatman filter paper then the filtrate was centrifuged at 3000rpm for 10min and further filtered by 0.45μm syringe micro filter. At last, the solvents are evaporated via vacuum rotary evaporator until samples obtain in powder form. Then the sample was stored in a shadowy aluminium container at 4°C for further analysis. The proliferation of MCF-7 cells was assessed by MTT assay. Results: The present study demonstrated the anticancer activity of Rhizophora mucronata mangrove leaf extract against lung cancer cell line and the result is graphically represented. Conclusion: The obtained result established the anticancer activity of Rhizophora mucronata mangrove leaf extract against lung cancer cell lines.
Rhizophora mucronata
Rhizophora
Rhizophoraceae
Combretaceae
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Rhizophoraceae
Rhizophora mucronata
Rhizophora
Aerial root
Allometry
Kandelia candel
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Rhizophoraceae is a plant family in mangrove forest with approximately 16 genera and 120 species and seven genera and 17 species are found in Peninsular Malaysia.Palynology study in mangroves to investigate the importance of pollen morphological characteristics and adaptation to its environment is still meagre.The objectives of this study were to list the common features, variations and diagnostic features of pollen morphology among species and genera in the Rhizophoraceae family.The methods involved acetolysis techniques and observation under light and scanning electron microscopes.The results showed that there are two pollen classes which are tri-zono-colpate and tri-zono-colporate.All the species studied have small size (10-25 µm) and spheroidial shaped pollen except Rhizophora x lamarckii with subprolate pollen.Two types of exine ornamentation were found in Bruguiera, i.e. scabrate-perforate (B.cylindrica, B. parviflora.B. hainesii and B. sexangula) and psilate-scabrate (B.gymnorhiza).On the other hand, the genus Ceriops and Rhizophora stylosa have perforate exine ornamentation and R. apiculata and R. mucronata have exine ornamentation perforate-reticulate. Dichotomy key for species and genus identification has been constructed based on the findings.As a conclusion pollen morphological characteristics have taxonomic value especially for the genus and species differentiation and identification in the family Rhizophoraceae.
Rhizophoraceae
Rhizophora
Kandelia candel
Bruguiera
Rhizophora mucronata
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Rhizophoraceae
Rhizophora mucronata
Rhizophora
Bruguiera
Kandelia candel
Quadrat
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Indonesian territory is dominated by Rhizophora mangrove vegetation, but in the Kolaka area, especially Induha Village, there is no information about this type of mangrove, so research is needed. The purpose of this study is to determine the vegetation Rhizophora mangroves sp. and fauna vertically in the mangrove forest in Induha Village. The method used is the Point Centered Sampling Method (PCQM). The results obtained, there are 3 types of mangrove Rhizophora namely Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, and Rhizophora stylosa, with the highest relative density being Rhizophora apiculata at the seedling level (42.13%), sapling (57.50%) and at the tree level (38.31%). The highest relative frequency was Rhizophora apiculata at seedling (35%), sapling (45%) and tree (34.5%) levels. Rhizophora apiculata has the highest relative basal area value at the seedling (50%), sapling (84.83%) and tree (52.34%) levels. The highest relative canopy was Rhizophora apiculata, at the sapling (57.2%) and tree (35.3%). The highest Important Value Index was Rhizophora apiculata, at the seedling level (1 25.3 %), sapling (24 4.5 %) and tree (1 56.1 %). The fauna vertically identified as many as 5 types of species including hermit crabs, sea slugs, caterpillars, weaver ants and black ants. The conclusion of this study is that there are 3 types of mangroves identified in the mangrove forest dominated by Rhizophora apiculata and 5 fauna species. Environmental factors that have been observed support the survival of mangrove species in Induha Village, both in zone 1 and in zone 2, especially the Rhizophora apiculata.
Rhizophora mucronata
Rhizophora
Rhizophoraceae
Rhizophora mangle
Avicennia marina
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Rhizophoraceae
Rhizophora mucronata
Rhizophora
Aerial root
Fungal Diversity
Rhizophora mangle
Litter
Pinus densiflora
Plant litter
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