Robb Spalding Spray, Ph. D. (1890-1966) Father of medical bacteriology at West Virginia University.
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Bacteriology
West virginia
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Leptospirosis is a common infection in domestic animals. The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) is used for serological diagnosis. From 1988 to 2007, the Leptospira Medical and Molecular Bacteriology Laboratory at the Nantes National College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering used the MAT to test serum samples from more than 40,000 cattle, 40,000 pigs, 20,000 horses and 9,500 dogs. Five Leptospira serogroups were prominent, with specific variations within the four animal species: Icterohaemorrhagiae, Australis, Sejroë, Grippotyphosa and Autumnalis. The prevalence and incidence of each serogroup varied for each species over the 20-year period: some serogroups were emergent during some years but disappeared later. This study reports the complex epidemiological features of leptospirosis.
Direct agglutination test
Bacteriology
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Bacteriology
West virginia
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AIM: To determine the prevalence of intramammary infection (IMI) of lactating dairy goats between 0 and 4 days postpartum, the prevalence and incidence rate of new IMI at Weeks 2, 14 and 27 of lactation, and the relationship between herd-level prevalence of IMI and bulk tank somatic cell count (BTSCC).METHODS: Milk samples were collected from 8% of a herd (total 624 does) from 18 dairy goat herds in the Waikato region of New Zealand, for bacteriology and somatic cell count (SCC) determination, from both glands within 4 days of kidding (Week 0) and again at Weeks 2, 14 and 27. Prevalence of IMI was determined at each time point and incidence rate calculated for Weeks 0–2, 2–14, and 14–27. Greenwood and Reed-Frost models were compared for estimation of the transmission parameter for all pathogens, and for Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) and Corynebacterium spp. separately.RESULTS: Bacteria were isolated from 1,122/4,814 (23.3%) glands, with CNS (13.4%) and Corynebacterium spp. (7.3%) being the most common isolates. Prevalence of any IMI increased with stage of lactation, varied among herds, and increased with age (all p<0.05). Incidence rate was 80, 24 and 7 new IMI/10,000 gland days for Weeks 0–2, 2–14 and 14–27, respectively. Incidence rate for any IMI increased with age and with the presence of an IMI in the contralateral gland, and varied among herds (p<0.001). The transmission of each pathogen was better modelled assuming contagiousness (Reed-Frost models), than not (Greenwood models).At gland level, IMI increased SCC at all stages of lactation (p<0.001). The gland prevalence of IMI within herds was positively associated with ln BTSCC at Week 2 (p=0.02), but not Weeks 14 or 27 (p>0.05).CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of IMI increased with stage of lactation, but the highest incidence rate of new IMI occurred in early lactation. Models accounting for the contagious nature of infection fitted better than those not accounting for contagiousness. BTSCC was only associated with prevalence of IMI in early lactation.CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Reduction of BTSCC in dairy goats may be best achieved by minimising the prevalence and incidence of new IMI in early lactation. Further studies are required to define management factors associated with the between herd, and stage of lactation, effects on prevalence and incidence rate in order to reduce BTSCC throughout lactation.
Somatic Cell Count
Prevalence
Bacteriology
Bulk tank
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In October 2004, 41 goats >2 years old from a Saanen dairy goat herd located in Purranque County, 10th Region, Chile, were sampled and tested for paratuberculosis. While collecting samples it was observed that several goats were thin and emaciated. One goat was sufficiently debilitated to warrant humane euthanasia. This animal was brought to the Veterinary School at the Universidad Austral de Chile for necropsy. The goat selected for necropsy was a 12-year-old doe. The animal showed classical clinical signs of caprine paratuberculosis: emaciation despite willingness to eat, dry and rough hair coat, and no evidence of diarrhea. Gross pathology and histopathology of the necropsied goat were consistent with paucibacillary paratuberculosis. Bacteriology, serology, and PCR confirmed the diagnosis. This is the first published report of goat paratuberculosis in Chile confirming a case of caprine paucibacillary paratuberculosis.
Emaciation
Histopathology
Bacteriology
Veterinary pathology
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A serological survey of cattle on two selected farms in
Malaysia revealed that 87.7 percent (150/171) of the animals
examined had leptospiral antibodies. Sixty percent of the
positive sera had titres to two or more serovars.
serovar australis was found to be the most frequent
Overall,
serovar
affecting the animals in these two farms. Amongst the three
age groups of cattle, the year ling group h ad the highest
prevalence (62/64) of infection.
A bacteriological survey of cattle on the two farms
revealed 11. 5 percent (13/113) of the animals were leptospiruric. Almost all of the isolates (12/13) were isolated from the
yearling group. The isolates belonged to either the Sejroe or
Pomona serogroup. Representative isolates have been sent to the Leptospirosis Reference Laboratory in Brisbane, Australia
for definitive identification.
Bacteriology
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This retrospective study was based on 674 cases of colibacillosis in pigs submitted to the diagnostic bacteriology laboratory of the Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute (OVI) over the 20-year period ranging from 1971-1991. During this time, 28,840 cases from various livestock species were received, of which 4162 (14.4%) were from pigs. The 674 porcine cases selected for this study were included if an E. coli infection had been suspected by the referring veterinarian, and typable E. coli strains were then isolated by this laboratory. Enteritis (45.5%) and septicaemia (46.9%) were the most common syndromes, with agalactiae (1.4%) and abortion (1.1 %) representing a far lower prevalence. Oedema-disease signs were described by the submitting veterinarian in only 12 cases. Samples were received from weaners and sucklers in relatively equal numbers until 1981, but subsequently samples from sucklers declined, while those from weaners remained high. There were 69 different somatic and capsulated (OK) antigen groups associated with E. coli infections in pigs. Escherichia coli O149 was the most common isolate (45.8%), while E. coli O141 was the next most common isolate (18.3%). This was followed by O9 (8.9%), O20 (5.2%) and O8 (3.1%). All other serotypes together accounted for less than 20% of the total number of cases, and were isolated fewer than 20 times each. The fimbrial attachment factor, F4 (K88) was found associated with 46.9% of isolates.
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This research was aimed to investigate Seroprevalence Of Brucellosis On Cattle Slaughtered In Sumur Srumbung Slaughtered House Tuban sub district. This research began from mid January until end February 2015. The sample used in this research were 69 blood sera of slaughtered cattle and tested with Rose Bengal Test (RBT). Rose Bengal Test were done at the Bacteriology and Micology Laboratory, Departement of Veterinary Microbiology, Veterinary Medicine Faculty of Airlangga University. Rose Bengal Test showed that all sera were brucellosis negative
Seroprevalence
Rose bengal
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From 69 lactating cows of University livestock farm, a total of 266 quarters were screened for subclinical mastitis (SCM), 89 quarters were found to be positive which resulted in the recovery of 190 bacterial isolates. Of these, 50 (56.17%) quarters yielded monomicrobic isolates whereas 39 (43.82%) quarters harboured mixed infection. On bacteriological culture examination, a total of 190 bacterial isolates were recovered which comprised of 54 isolates of CPS, 115 isolates of CNS 2 isolates of Micrococcous varians, 11 isolates of Str. agalactiae and 8 isolates of coliforms.
Antibiogram
Subclinical infection
Bacteriology
California mastitis test
Microbiological culture
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Bacteriology
Animal Husbandry
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