Survey of examinations of specimens in the Institute for Bacteriology, Veterinary Faculty, Utrecht, in 1958.
A. van der SchaafC. A. van DorssenJ. Donker-VoetF. H. J. JaartsveldJ. F. FrikG. W. M. van Golstein. Brouwers
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Infertility is a widespread problem among cattle herds in Jamaica and an intergovernmental project was initiated to investigate the problem. One aspect of the project included diagnosis of campylobacteriosis (vibriosis), which was suspected in some herds but had not been confirmed in the laboratory. Tests were undertaken in late 1978 using improved techniques for handling and transporting specimens to the laboratory. Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus was isolated from five of six herds tested. The diagnosis of C. fetus infection has led to improvements in farm management and a better appreciation of more efficient artificial insemination and veterinary services.
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Campylobacteriosis
Cattle Diseases
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Introduction: Anseriform species such as Muscovy ducks, Mallard ducks and geese are commonly known to be susceptible to some of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strains, while resistant to others. This study was designed to determine and compare the effect of XIVb strain of NDV on the haematological parameters of Muscovy ducks in relation to the local chickens. Methods: Forty experimental birds consisting of twenty Muscovy ducklings and twenty local chicks at five weeks of age were divided into four groups of 10 subjects each, designated as infected chickens (IC), control chickens (CC), infected ducklings (ID) and control ducklings (CD) and were inoculated orally with 107.8/ 0.1ml /bird as the embryo lethal dose (ELD50/ml) of the strain obtained from the National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom. The means of haematological parameters were used to determine the response of the birds in each group and were compared to their controls (at days 0, 3, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28, and 35). Results: The result showed reduction in some of the haematological parameters, such as RBC and PCV, MCV, HB concentration, MCH and leukocyte count of both the IC and ID. RBC was (1.71±0.26×1012/l) and (2.77±0.20×1012/l) in the IC and ID against their control groups (3.69±0.31×1012/l) and (3.71±0.31×1012/l) on day 7PI, respectively. The IC also showed significant (p < 0.05) lymphopenia on days 7, 10 and 21 than the CC while the ID showed significant (p < 0.05) lymphocytosis on days 14, 21, 28 and 35 than the CD. Significance: The haematological parameters of the local chickens are more affected when infected with XIVb strain of NDV than that of the Muscovy ducks.
Newcastle Disease
Hematology
Strain (injury)
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Introduction: Globalization, international trade, and the increase in human and animal populations has enhanced the spread of infectious pathogens across countries. The volume, sources, species, enterobacterial load, and Enterobacteriaceae bacteria of live animals imported through Murtala Muhammed International Airport into Nigeria were investigated. Methods: Data of imported animals from various continents into Nigeria between years 2010 and 2016 were retrieved from Department of Veterinary and Pest Control Services. Faecal samples were collected from dogs and cats imported from April to July 2017 for isolation and identification of Enterobacteriaceae bacteria, and enterobacterial load assessment using MacConkey agar, Nutrient agar and biochemical tests. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square at p < 0.05. Results: A total of 6,349 (median = 676; range: 362-1666) animals were imported. Africa had the largest volume (55.7%), Europe (28.0%) and Oceania lowest (0.1%). Canine (dogs) and feline (cats) (59.9%), caprine and ovine (12.1%), bovine (11.5%), porcine (10.2%) and equine (6.2%) were imported. Continent of origin (χ2= 21.63, p < 0.0001) and species (χ2 = 1200.00, p < 0.0001) were significantly associated with volume of importation. Mean Enterobacteriaceae Counts were 18.126±0.84×107 and 3.855±0.53×107 CFU/gram for dogs and cats, respectively. Escherichia coli, Proteus, Shigella, Citrobacter and Klebsiella species were isolated. Significance: Live animals, mostly dogs and cats imported frequently from Africa and Europe into Nigeria through the airport may constitute a risk of introducing infectious and zoonotic pathogens into the country. Animals imported into Nigeria should be regularly quarantined and assessed microbiologically to ensure disease prevention.
MacConkey agar
Citrobacter
Nutrient agar
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Seventy two cattle with bacterial pneumonia and twelve healthy cattle were studied in detail for haemato-biochemical examination, radiography and tracheobronchoscopy.Haematobiochemical examination revealed leukocytosis with neutrophilia.Radiographic examination showed increased pulmonary infiltration.Tracheobronchoscopic examination of affected animals revealed inflammation, haemorrhage, mucus to mucopurulent exudates in nasal cavity, trachea, bronchi and bronchioles.Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) collected through endoscope was subjected to cytology and cultural examination.Cytology of the affected animals showed increased total cell counts and predominant neutrophils.Pasteurella multocida, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli were isolated from BAL and confirmed with PCR studies.
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Introduction: Newcastle disease (ND) is a viral disease of birds caused by a negative sense single-stranded RNA virus known as the Newcastle disease virus. It is a disease of almost all species of domestic and wild birds with devastating impacts on poultry health and production. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of ND within species, breeds, age and vaccination history from the period of 2014-2018. Methods: A five- year retrospective study (2014-2018) of cases of poultry diseases diagnosed at the Avian Clinic of Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH), Ahmadu Bello University (A.B.U), Zaria, Nigeria was conducted, the prevalence of ND within species, breeds, age and vaccination history was determined. Case records file were collected, studied, and clinically diagnosed cases of ND were extracted. Results: It was observed that of the 1,768 poultry cases presented, 754 (42.6%) were confirmed as ND. Most cases were recorded in chickens 710 (40.2%). The prevalence was highest in the improved breed 670 (37.9%) while the local and unknown breeds had prevalence of 4 (0.2%) and 80 (4.5%) respectively. Birds within 8-13 weeks of age had the highest prevalence of 276 (15.4%) while the lowest prevalence of 19 (1.1%) was recorded in birds of unknown ages. Birds with history of incomplete vaccination (single vaccination) had the highest prevalence of 232 (13.1%), while those with complete vaccination history (three rounds of vaccination) had the lowest prevalence of 50 (2.8%). Significance: Poor management practices and improper knowledge of vaccination by the poultry handlers may be responsible for the prevalence pattern of ND recorded. Adequate biosecurity measures and routine vaccination are recommended to minimize the outbreak of ND.
Newcastle Disease
Prevalence
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