Patterns of Illness in Rhinovirus Infections of Military Personnel
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IN the past two years a new group of respiratory viruses, recently designated as rhinoviruses, has been associated with mild upper respiratory disease in adults.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Agents of this group were isolated from Marine Corps personnel under surveillance at Camp Lejeune, North Carolina, from December, 1960, to January, 1962, and were shown to be associated with mild nonepidemic upper respiratory illness.10 From January, 1960, to March, 1962, epidemics of upper respiratory disease associated with adenovirus Type 4 and Coxsackie virus Group A, Type 21, occurred in the same population.11 12 13 During the time of this study, the characteristics of the population and . . .Keywords:
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IN the past two years a new group of respiratory viruses, recently designated as rhinoviruses, has been associated with mild upper respiratory disease in adults.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Agents of this group were isolated from Marine Corps personnel under surveillance at Camp Lejeune, North Carolina, from December, 1960, to January, 1962, and were shown to be associated with mild nonepidemic upper respiratory illness.10 From January, 1960, to March, 1962, epidemics of upper respiratory disease associated with adenovirus Type 4 and Coxsackie virus Group A, Type 21, occurred in the same population.11 12 13 During the time of this study, the characteristics of the population and . . .
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Summary We have examined the relationship between month of birth and episodes of wheezing, productive cough, eczema and hayfever, and also standardized maximum midexpiratory flow (FEF 25–75 ) in a representative sample of 4549 Australian primary schoolchildren (mean age 10.1 years). Children experiencing frequent wheezing (one or more episodes per month) were more likely to be born in spring and summer (odds ratio =1.6, 95% confidence interval = 1.1–2.4), but this was not seen for less severe disease. No effect of season or birth month was seen for the other illnesses examined or for lung function.
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Here, we report the full coding sequence of rhinovirus C47 (RV-C47), obtained from a patient respiratory sample collected during an acute respiratory illness investigation in Butte County, California, in January 2017. This is the first whole-genome sequence of RV-C47 to be reported.
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We have completed production in rabbits of potent antisera to the 90 classified rhinovirus serotypes by using methods previously described (M. K. Cooney and G. E. Kenny, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 133:645-650, 1970). Systematic testing by neutralization tests has revealed significant numbers of cross-relationships among rhinovirus types, some of which have already been reported. Herein, our observations are compared with cross-reactions reported in National Institutes of Health reference guinea pig antisera. Also, original rhinovirus isolates, representing serotypes known to be antigenically related to other rhinoviruses, were tested against rabbit antisera to the related serotypes. These tests revealed extensive antigenic variation among isolates identified as rhinovirus 12:78 or 36:58, which are reciprocally related pairs, 41, reciprocally related to 13, and 67, which is related to both 9 and 32. If the rhinovirus serotypes were grouped according to antigenic relationships, 50 types could be included in 16 groups.
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Rhinoviruses often cause mild, self-limited illness (the “common cold”), but the frequency with which they cause more-severe illness is not known. Investigators from the New Vaccine Surveillance Network recently evaluated the prevalence of rhinovirus infection among children hospitalized for acute respiratory illness in two counties in Tennessee and New York and used these figures to calculate population-based …
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Background. The circulation of human adenovirus type 21 (HAdV21) in the United States has been documented since the 1960s in association with outbreaks of febrile respiratory illness (FRI) in military boot camps and civilian cases of respiratory disease.
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Rhinoviruses are the major cause of the common cold and a trigger of acute asthma exacerbations. Whether these exacerbations result from direct infection of the lower airway or from indirect mechanisms consequent on infection of the upper airway alone is currently unknown. Lower respiratory infection was investigated in vitro by exposing primary human bronchial epithelial cells to rhinoviruses and in vivo after experimental upper respiratory infection of human volunteers. Bronchial infection was confirmed by both approaches. Furthermore, rhinoviruses induced production of interleukin-6, -8, and -16 and RANTES and were cytotoxic to cultured respiratory epithelium. This evidence strongly supports a direct lower respiratory epithelial reaction as the initial event in the induction of rhinovirus-mediated asthma exacerbations. The frequency of infection and the nature of the inflammatory response observed are similar to those of the upper respiratory tract, suggesting that rhinovirus infections may be one of the most important causes of lower in addition to upper respiratory disease.
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