Studies on the Flora of the Wild Campanulaceae in Hebei Province
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The floristic statistics and preliminary analyses of the wild campanulaceae in Hebei Province showed that in Hebei there are 20 species and 2 varieties of campanulaceae.These plants belong to 6 genera.Among all these plants,14 species and 2 varieties belong to Adenophora,and 6 species of Adenophora are unique in China.The similarity coefficient of the Campanulaceae genera and species between Hebei and the neighboring provinces is relatively high.The similarity coefficient of genera to Beijing and Inner Mongolia is the highest,90.91%,but the lowest to Tianjin,66.67%.The similarity coefficient of species has the highest percentage,73.17%,to Shanxi,and the lowest percentage,48.28%,to Tianjin.Campanulaceae are found throughout Hehei province.But a few are unevenly distributed and are unique in this area.Keywords:
Campanulaceae
Floristics
Flora
Inner mongolia
Similarity (geometry)
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The investigation results showed that there were 477 species of spermatophytes in 291 genera and 94 families in Laoshan National Forest Park in Nanjing,including 2 species of gymnospermae in 2 genera of 2 families and 475 species of angiospermae in 289 genera of 92 families.This flora had ancient origin and its main body was composed of families or genera with single species or less species;The distribution of pantropical and north temperate zone occupied higher proportion at family and genus levels and possessed obvious intermediate characters from north subtropical zone to warm-temperate zone.Laoshan mountain had closest relationship with Qixiashan,Niushoushan and Langyashan mountains and remotest relationship with Baishilizi mountain;the cluster results of species existence among floras fitted with the geographic setting,climate and soil characters of different flora better.This kind of cluster analysis was a more scientific method for researching flora relationships.
Pantropical
Flora
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Based on the investigation and data access,the floristic analysis of pteridophyte in Ganjiangyuan Nature Reserve was studied. The results indicated that in this area there were 216 species of ferns belonging to 75 genera in 35families,and the ratio of these families,genera and species accounting for the total number of ferns in Jiangxi Province was 71. 4%,65. 8% and 49. 9%,respectively. The number of families containing more than seven species was 9,and the families in tropical and subtropical distribution accounted for 74. 3% in the family areal types. The number of the genus areal types was 10. The tropical distribution type had 51 genera,which accounted for 68% of the total genera,while the temperate distribution type had 4 genera,which accounted for 5% of the total genera. The geographic distribution of species can be divided into four types,including 35. 6% ingredients,49. 1% subtropical elements and about 13. 4% unique components of China. The species similarity analysis showed that this flora and Qiyunshan were closely related,and the similarity coefficient was 75. 1%.
Pteridophyte
Floristics
Flora
Tropical Asia
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According to a statistics in 1 600 m 2 field of 7 samples, it is found that the specific composition in Taxus chinese var. mairei community is discomplex, for 80 species of 64 genera of 43 families compose the community flora, average 5 species in 100 m 2. However, it was almost composed of the genera with few species distributed in the community, in which 87.5% of the genera were found with one species only in the community and 6.3% of the genera contained few species. The results also showed that it was a climax community, as most of the dominant species in arborous layer were stable populations, so that the dominant elements of community floristic were stable. There were only 10 areal types and 4 sub types in 59 seed plants genera of which 27 belong to tropical genera, accounting for 46.6%, and 31 temperate genera, accounting for 53.4%, and tropical genera mainly constituted by pantropic (52.6%) and Trop. Asian (47.4%) and temperate genera mainly constituted by North temperate (50%) and E. Asian (50%). So that the geographical elements are discomplex. In the 25 species of arborous layer, 76% is the middle subtropical zonal type, 16% south subtropical zonal type and 8% north subtropical zonal type, of which the first 6 positions of important value index (IVI) were all middle subtropical zonal type. This showed that the community was subtropical characteristic. There are 59.5% evergreen and 40.5% deblade of 79 known species in which the mid phaenerophytes is the first position of all, accounting for 27.8%, and the evergreen broad leaved species constituted the majority of meso phaenerophytes which accounts for 15.2%. Meanwhile the number of Microphyll species (accounting for 55.7%) was more than that of Mesophyll one(accounting for 32.9%). There were 18 species constructed the arborous layer in sample of 600 m 2, and 29 species in sample of 1 600 m 2, the numbers were not large enough but the species diversity index approximately equaled to that index of standard community of subtropical zone. [WT5”HZ]
Floristics
Climax community
Flora
Tropical Asia
Climax
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There are 185 families,92 genus,2503 species of vascular bundle plant in Heilongjiang province.There are 400 families,740 genus,2932 species of vascual bundle plant in far-east area of Eluosi.The same coefficient of genus in two areas is 52.1 percent,which revealed the relation.The same coefficient of species in two areas is 27.6 percent,which revealed the difference.
Vascular plant
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There are 98 species and 2 varieties in the genus of Oxytropis in Xinjiang,and they account for 67.1% of the total in China.Among them 7 species are endemic in Xinjiang,58 ones are distributed only in Xinjiang in China,and about 65% species belongs to the two of them.Species are all distributed in 11 floristic regions in Xinjiang.The Junggar Basin and the Tianshan Mountains,especially the Tianshan Mountains,are regarded as the areas with the most abundant species of Oxytropis in Xinjiang.So it is concluded that the Junggar Basin and the Tianshan Mountains may be the central areas of modern distribution and origin differentiation of Oxytropis DC.Most species(about 99%) are distributed in the mountainous areas with an altitude range from 1 001 m to 5 000 m a.s.l.,especially in an altitude range from 1 001 m to 4 000 m,and the richest species are distributed in an altitude range from 2 001 m to 3 000 m.There are two kinds of life-forms,hemicryptophyte and chamaephyte,the proportion of the former is as high 96%,but that of the latter is 4% only.The relations of flora in Xinjiang are the closest with that in adjacent Qinghai Province and Tibet Autonomous Region(their similarity coefficients are 28.8% and 28.6% respectively),but not so close with that in Inner Mongolica and Gansu Province.The relations of flora in Xinjiang are the closest with that in Kazakhstan(the similarity coefficient is as high as 65.2%),then with that in west Siberia and Kyrghizstan(the similarity coefficients are 41.8% and 41.0% respectively),and the weakest with that in Mongolica,Tajikistan and Pakistan(their similarity coefficients are 29.2%,22.8% and 11.6% respectively).
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This study aimed to uncover montane biodiversity and relations with the surrounding vegetation.Based on plot survey,floristic spectrum,diversity index,correlation and cluster analysis,plant floristic diversity of Laotudingzi were analyzed.The results showed that:(1)The occurrence of 1 006wild seed plant species demonstrates that Laotudingzi have a high floristic biodiversity.It is notable in dominant family,the single-species and few-species genera of angiosperm are rich and it shows some relict phenomenon.(2)The distribution types of species are various and complex.The flora is ancient and it has not obvious phenomenon of endemic genera and species.The dominance of temperate elements is obvious,it fits North China flora from warm temperate.(3)Compared with adjacent mountains,floristic Shannon-Wiener index are obviously different from other 9moutains,while simpson index are not.Shannon-Wiener index of Lushan and Culaishan are quite high,while Baishilazi and Changbaishan are low.(4)According to the relativity of different mountains flora,10moutains correlation is significant at the 0.01level,and the coefficients are between 0.617and 0.995.Greater similarity was found among Laotudingzi,Qianshan and Fenghuangshan by cluster analysis,and they are all classified as North China flora.The present date indicated Laotudingzi should belong to subarea of North China montane flora.
Floristics
Flora
Diversity index
Dominance (genetics)
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The flora of Tongguzhang and other 9 mountain forest floras of Guangdong,Guangxi,Fujian,and Hainan were compared.The following results were showed:(1) the flora of Tongguzhang has the closest relation to the floras of Lianhuashan and Qimuzhang,which belong to the floristic county of Eastern Guangdong.Their family similarities with Tongguzhang are 92.4% and 93.2% and those of the generic similarities are 77.5% and 76.7%,respectively.(2) The family similarity between Tongguzhang and Longqishan of Fujian is 81.4% and that of the generic similarity is 61.4%.(3) The family similarities between Tongguzhang with Nanling and three mountains of Guangxi Province(Damingshan,Chenwanglaoshan and Shiwandashan) vary between 85.5%-86.6% while those of the generic similarities vary between 64.0%-66.6%,which belong to Sothern China Province of flora.(4) Wulingshan(Hunan Province) and Jianfengling(Hainan Province) lie in different flora Subdisticts,but the family similarities with Tongguzhang are 83.4% and 82.5%,while those of the generic similarities are 52.3% and 62.8%,which are higher than 50% and exhibit the unity of the southern floras of China.(5) The result of the floristic spectrum analysis on the 16 forest floras of Eastern China showed that the floristic composition,florogenesis and regionalization of the modern floras have close relation with their geographical features.
Floristics
Flora
Similarity (geometry)
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Researches on wetland plants of Beijing area mainly began in 1990s,but studies on the flora characteristics of higher plants of wetland in Beijing area has not yet been reported.Based on data collection,information inquiry and field survey,the features and characteristics of the flora of higher plants of wetland in Beijing area were analysed.The study of floristic element has supplied sufficient basis of developing,utilizing and preventing the local plant resources,as well as developing plant introduction from other basin or areas.Five hundred and fifty two species of higher plants belonging to 311 genera and 108 families(including mountain wetland) were distributed and approximately counts for about 1/3 of the total plants in Beijing district.Those families,genera and species covered 48.87% of the families,32.06% of the genera and 23.40% of the species of higher plants in Beijing region,respectively.Among them,Bryophytes were 18 species belonging to 15 genera and 9 families,occupied 3.26% of the total species;and Pteridophgtes were 8 species belonging to 5 genera and 5 families,occupied 1.45% of the total species;and Gymnospermae were 6 species belonging to 5 genera and 3 families,occupied 1.09% of the total species;and Angiosperms were 520 species belonging to 286 genera and 91 families,accounting for 94.20% of the total number of the higher plants of wetland in Beijing area.From the statistics of relative great families,5 greater families(species≥20)were the principle parts of all the higher plants.The total was 210 species,occupied 38.04% of total species,and Compositae,Poaceae,Cyperaceae,Leguminosae,and Polygonaceae were the greatest families.From the statistics of relative great genera,there were 14 greater genera(species≥5),the total was 114 species,accounted for 4.50% of total genera and 20.65% of total species.Polygonum,Artemisia,Cypeus,Rumex,and Carex were the greatest genera in Beijing wetland.The distribution of wetland plants in Beijing was complex.The moss plants species had 3 areal-types,the fern plants species had 2 areal-types,and Holarctic kingdom was the main type.The flora of Beijing wetland seed plants could be divided into 15 distribution types and 9 subtypes,and Cosmopolitan and North Temperate were the two main types.179 species belong to Cosmopolitan,and 149 species belong to North Temperate,occupied 34.03% and 28.32% of total species,respectively.On the other hand,63 species belong to Pantropic,49 species belong to Old World Temperate,occupied 11.98% and 9.32% of total species,respectively.The type of Temperate occupied an leading position,the element in temperate zone was very rich(genera,species and proportion all play an important role).The area department of plants had the following features : ① it was the development of herb;② there was a dominance of temperate species;③ it was age old in origin;④ endemic species was poor;⑤ its geographical elements were complex.
Flora
Floristics
Global biodiversity
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The article objective to study diversity of plant floristic, based on floristic spectra, diversity indexes, correlation analysis, and cluster analysis, plant floristic diversity in the Baishilazi National Nature Reserve(NNR) of Liaoning Province was analyzed and compared to adjacent mountains. Results showed an abundance of species in Baishilazi including angiosperms and dicotyledonous plants. It is obvious in the dominant family and genus, angiosperms having a single-species and species with only a few genera were plentiful were showing some relict phenomenon. Distribution types were diverse and complex in the Baishilazi NNR, endemic genera and species were lacking, and tropical elements were few with a greater proportions of taxa belonging to species with temperate characteristics. Compared with adjacent mountains, the Shannon-Wiener index of the floristics was significantly different, whereas the Simpson index was not. The Shannon-Wiener Indexes of Taishan and Kunyushan were high. Correlation of species diversity for different mountains was highly significant(P=0.01) with r between 0.839 and 0.995. The cluster analysis of similarities and latitude patterns for flora of Northeast China, indicated that flora of Liaodong Peninsula in Liaoning Province belonged to the flora of North China.
Floristics
Flora
Diversity index
Phytogeography
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According to a statistics in 3 000 m2 field of 6 samples,there are totally 107 species belonging to 81 genera of 52 families in the Abies yuanbaoshanensis community. The families with only one species and the genera with few species dominated. 51.9% of the families were found with one species,77.8% of the genera contain one species and 14.8% of the genera with two species,both account for 92.6%. In the arborous layer,the dominant species except Tsuga tchekiangensis were stable populations,so the dominant community floristic were stable,the result showed that it was a climax community. There are only 11 area types and 8 sub-types in 71 seed plant genera,only accounts for 26.7% of all the sub-types,so the geographical elements are discomplex. In 71 seed plant genera,27 genera belong to tropical, account for 39.7%,38 genera belong to temperate,account for 55.9%,and tropical genera mainly constituted by Pantropic and Tropic Asian,temperate genera constituted by East Asian and E. As-N. America disjointed.In the dominant species of arborous layer,83% is middle subtropical zonal type,of which the first 4 positions of important value index were all middle subtropical zonal types. This showed that the community was subtropical characteristic. The different population structures of Abies yuanbaoshanensis in different associations reflected the process of succession of community. There are 62.6% evergreen and 37.4% deblade in 107 species,of which the Na.ph was the first position accounts for 20.6%. Meanwhile,the leaf size class of the vegetation was mainly microphylla(57.9%),and 81.6% of the leaf pattern was simple leaf. The level species diversity in different samples are also high,this showed Abies yuanbaoshanensis community was a stable climax community.
Floristics
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