Studies on the phytocoenological features of Abies yuanbaoshanensis community in Yuanbaoshan, Guangxi
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According to a statistics in 3 000 m2 field of 6 samples,there are totally 107 species belonging to 81 genera of 52 families in the Abies yuanbaoshanensis community. The families with only one species and the genera with few species dominated. 51.9% of the families were found with one species,77.8% of the genera contain one species and 14.8% of the genera with two species,both account for 92.6%. In the arborous layer,the dominant species except Tsuga tchekiangensis were stable populations,so the dominant community floristic were stable,the result showed that it was a climax community. There are only 11 area types and 8 sub-types in 71 seed plant genera,only accounts for 26.7% of all the sub-types,so the geographical elements are discomplex. In 71 seed plant genera,27 genera belong to tropical, account for 39.7%,38 genera belong to temperate,account for 55.9%,and tropical genera mainly constituted by Pantropic and Tropic Asian,temperate genera constituted by East Asian and E. As-N. America disjointed.In the dominant species of arborous layer,83% is middle subtropical zonal type,of which the first 4 positions of important value index were all middle subtropical zonal types. This showed that the community was subtropical characteristic. The different population structures of Abies yuanbaoshanensis in different associations reflected the process of succession of community. There are 62.6% evergreen and 37.4% deblade in 107 species,of which the Na.ph was the first position accounts for 20.6%. Meanwhile,the leaf size class of the vegetation was mainly microphylla(57.9%),and 81.6% of the leaf pattern was simple leaf. The level species diversity in different samples are also high,this showed Abies yuanbaoshanensis community was a stable climax community.Keywords:
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The investigation results showed that there were 477 species of spermatophytes in 291 genera and 94 families in Laoshan National Forest Park in Nanjing,including 2 species of gymnospermae in 2 genera of 2 families and 475 species of angiospermae in 289 genera of 92 families.This flora had ancient origin and its main body was composed of families or genera with single species or less species;The distribution of pantropical and north temperate zone occupied higher proportion at family and genus levels and possessed obvious intermediate characters from north subtropical zone to warm-temperate zone.Laoshan mountain had closest relationship with Qixiashan,Niushoushan and Langyashan mountains and remotest relationship with Baishilizi mountain;the cluster results of species existence among floras fitted with the geographic setting,climate and soil characters of different flora better.This kind of cluster analysis was a more scientific method for researching flora relationships.
Pantropical
Flora
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Based on the investigation and data access,the floristic analysis of pteridophyte in Ganjiangyuan Nature Reserve was studied. The results indicated that in this area there were 216 species of ferns belonging to 75 genera in 35families,and the ratio of these families,genera and species accounting for the total number of ferns in Jiangxi Province was 71. 4%,65. 8% and 49. 9%,respectively. The number of families containing more than seven species was 9,and the families in tropical and subtropical distribution accounted for 74. 3% in the family areal types. The number of the genus areal types was 10. The tropical distribution type had 51 genera,which accounted for 68% of the total genera,while the temperate distribution type had 4 genera,which accounted for 5% of the total genera. The geographic distribution of species can be divided into four types,including 35. 6% ingredients,49. 1% subtropical elements and about 13. 4% unique components of China. The species similarity analysis showed that this flora and Qiyunshan were closely related,and the similarity coefficient was 75. 1%.
Pteridophyte
Floristics
Flora
Tropical Asia
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According to a statistics in 1 600 m 2 field of 7 samples, it is found that the specific composition in Taxus chinese var. mairei community is discomplex, for 80 species of 64 genera of 43 families compose the community flora, average 5 species in 100 m 2. However, it was almost composed of the genera with few species distributed in the community, in which 87.5% of the genera were found with one species only in the community and 6.3% of the genera contained few species. The results also showed that it was a climax community, as most of the dominant species in arborous layer were stable populations, so that the dominant elements of community floristic were stable. There were only 10 areal types and 4 sub types in 59 seed plants genera of which 27 belong to tropical genera, accounting for 46.6%, and 31 temperate genera, accounting for 53.4%, and tropical genera mainly constituted by pantropic (52.6%) and Trop. Asian (47.4%) and temperate genera mainly constituted by North temperate (50%) and E. Asian (50%). So that the geographical elements are discomplex. In the 25 species of arborous layer, 76% is the middle subtropical zonal type, 16% south subtropical zonal type and 8% north subtropical zonal type, of which the first 6 positions of important value index (IVI) were all middle subtropical zonal type. This showed that the community was subtropical characteristic. There are 59.5% evergreen and 40.5% deblade of 79 known species in which the mid phaenerophytes is the first position of all, accounting for 27.8%, and the evergreen broad leaved species constituted the majority of meso phaenerophytes which accounts for 15.2%. Meanwhile the number of Microphyll species (accounting for 55.7%) was more than that of Mesophyll one(accounting for 32.9%). There were 18 species constructed the arborous layer in sample of 600 m 2, and 29 species in sample of 1 600 m 2, the numbers were not large enough but the species diversity index approximately equaled to that index of standard community of subtropical zone. [WT5”HZ]
Floristics
Climax community
Flora
Tropical Asia
Climax
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The community characteristics of the Tsuga dumasa forest in Lancangjiang Nature Reserve were studied based on the investigation of 4 sample plots(with total area of 2 000 m2).The following results were concluded:There were 99 species and varieties of vascular plants,which belonged to 70 genera and 48 families;8 species of pteridophytes belonging to 6 genera,5 families;91 species of spermatophytes belonging to 64 genera,43 families.The dominant families that consisted of the community were Fagaceae.Orchidaceae,Theaceae,Compositae and Ericaceae.The vertical structure of the community was remarkable,which could be divided into arbor layer,shrub layer,herb layer and the interlayer.In this community,plants of micro-phanerophytes and meso-phanerophytes occupied the dominant position,accounting for 42.42%.The dominant leaf size was microphyll(30.30%),and the leaf characteristics of the community were mainly composed of simple leaf(81.82%),sclerophyll(52.54%),entire leaf(64.65%),and acuminate leaf(41.41%).It was indicated by data analyses on tree height,BHD and number of individuals of Tsuga dumasa that there was some fluctuation with the community structure.
Tsuga
Sclerophyll
Theaceae
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The vegetation in Hexi Corridor of Gansu Province was typical temperate desert with 543 species desert spermatophyte from 228 genera,55 families.In some areas,the vegetation was under degradation.The dominant family phenomenon with the characteristics of a few big families and many small families was quite obvious.There were 10 dominant families,including Chenopodiaceae,Leguminosae,Gramineae,Compositae,Cruciferae,Polygonum,Caryophyllaceae,Ranunculaceae,Zygophyllaceae and Tamaricaceae.Meanwhile,there were 6 typical families,including Ephedraceae,Tamaricaceae,Elaeagnaceae,Zygophyllaceae,Chenopodiaceae and Polygonum.According to the geographical element of family,there were 6 areal types in this area.The world areal type was the most abundant(23 families),which respectively occupied 41.82% and 76.80% of the total number of family and species in this area.The temperate species took the second place,including the tropical,subtropical and temperate species from 23 families and they respectively occupied 41.82% and 19.53% of the total number of family and genera in this area.Tropical and subtropical species were quite rare(only 9 families) and they respectively occupied 16.36% and 3.67% of the total number of family and genera in this area.The perennial herbaceous species and shrubs were the dominant in terms of plant life type,it could reflect the mutual adaptive characteristics between vegetation distribution and local climate.
Zygophyllaceae
Floristics
Larrea
Pantropical
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The butterfly species in Hupingshan National Nature Reserve were surveyed from April to October,2006.The results showed that 153 butterfly species belonging to 85 genera and 10 families were recorded.The distribution was as follows: family Papilionidae 7 genera with 21 species,Pieridae 7 genera with 16 species,Danaidae 2 genera with 2 species,Amathusiidae 2 genera with 2 species,Satyriae 10 genera with 21 species,Nymphlidae 30 genera with 61 species,Libytheidae 1 genus with 1 species,Riondinidae 3 genera with 4 species,Lycaenidae 10 genera with 10 species,and Hesperiidae 13 genera with 15 species.In this reserve,the Oriental species were the dominant fauna as taken by 51.63% with 79 species,while the widespread and Palearctic species were by 39.22% with 60 species and 9.15% with 14 species,respectively.The results also indicated that the vertical distribution of butterfly species in Hupingshan was distinct,because the species in the evergreen broad-leaf forest zone(altitude about 200~1100 m) were the most abundant accounting for 88.01% of all species,while in the mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaf forest zone(altitude about 1100~1500 m),in the broad-leaf deciduous forest zone(altitude about 1500~1750 m),and in the mountain scrub and meadow zone(altitude above 1750 m) were 16.42%,11.94% and 14.93%,respectively.Most of the butterfly species in Hupingshan were distributed in the single-zone.Moreover,the species including Pieridae,Satyridae and Nymphalidae were not only more in number but also wider in horizontal and vertical distribution as compared with the other species.
Pieridae
Lycaenidae
Nymphalidae
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Using sampling investigating method,the species composition,distribution type,life-form spectrum and leaf characteristics of mid-mountain coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest in Yuanbaoshan Mountain of Guangxi were analyzed.The results show that species composition of the forest is richer and species diversity is also higher.There are 379 species of vascular plants belonging to 201 genera and 96 families,in which there are 33 species pteridophyte belonging to 26 genera and 19 families and 346 species spermatophyte belonging to 175 genera and 77 families.Among spermatophyte,the families of single species and few species(2-5 species) occupy a high proportion(41.6% and 32.5%),and the species belonging to Rosaceae,Ericaceae,Theaceae,Lauraceae,Fagaceae,Aquifoliaceae,Gramineae,Symplocaceae and Liliaceae are much more,and there are many ancient origin relic plants.The generic distribution type of spermatophyte can be divided into twelve floristic components.In which,endemic to China has four genera including Nothotsuga Hu ex Page,Barthea Hook.f.,Latouchea Franch.and Oreocharis Benth.,and the tropical and temperate components occupy a very higher proportion(53.6% and 44.0%) and the percentage of tropical component is slightly higher than that of temperate component,it means that the community flora has an obvious subtropical mountain character.Phanerophyte is dominant with a percentage of 60.4% in the forest community,while liana and hemicryptophyte also have relatively higher percentage of 12.1% and 11.1%,respectively.Otherwise,leaf scale is mainly microphyll with a percentage of 55.4%,leaf characteristics are mainly simple,leathery and entire leaf with the percentages of 85.8%,52.6% and 61.2%,respectively.In upper arbor layer,the percentages of coniferous,deciduous broad-leaved and evergreen broad-leaved species are 23.1%,34.6% and 42.3%,respectively,it means that the forest community possesses a very obvious characteristics of mid-mountain coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest.
Lauraceae
Liana
Floristics
Pteridophyte
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Researches on wetland plants of Beijing area mainly began in 1990s,but studies on the flora characteristics of higher plants of wetland in Beijing area has not yet been reported.Based on data collection,information inquiry and field survey,the features and characteristics of the flora of higher plants of wetland in Beijing area were analysed.The study of floristic element has supplied sufficient basis of developing,utilizing and preventing the local plant resources,as well as developing plant introduction from other basin or areas.Five hundred and fifty two species of higher plants belonging to 311 genera and 108 families(including mountain wetland) were distributed and approximately counts for about 1/3 of the total plants in Beijing district.Those families,genera and species covered 48.87% of the families,32.06% of the genera and 23.40% of the species of higher plants in Beijing region,respectively.Among them,Bryophytes were 18 species belonging to 15 genera and 9 families,occupied 3.26% of the total species;and Pteridophgtes were 8 species belonging to 5 genera and 5 families,occupied 1.45% of the total species;and Gymnospermae were 6 species belonging to 5 genera and 3 families,occupied 1.09% of the total species;and Angiosperms were 520 species belonging to 286 genera and 91 families,accounting for 94.20% of the total number of the higher plants of wetland in Beijing area.From the statistics of relative great families,5 greater families(species≥20)were the principle parts of all the higher plants.The total was 210 species,occupied 38.04% of total species,and Compositae,Poaceae,Cyperaceae,Leguminosae,and Polygonaceae were the greatest families.From the statistics of relative great genera,there were 14 greater genera(species≥5),the total was 114 species,accounted for 4.50% of total genera and 20.65% of total species.Polygonum,Artemisia,Cypeus,Rumex,and Carex were the greatest genera in Beijing wetland.The distribution of wetland plants in Beijing was complex.The moss plants species had 3 areal-types,the fern plants species had 2 areal-types,and Holarctic kingdom was the main type.The flora of Beijing wetland seed plants could be divided into 15 distribution types and 9 subtypes,and Cosmopolitan and North Temperate were the two main types.179 species belong to Cosmopolitan,and 149 species belong to North Temperate,occupied 34.03% and 28.32% of total species,respectively.On the other hand,63 species belong to Pantropic,49 species belong to Old World Temperate,occupied 11.98% and 9.32% of total species,respectively.The type of Temperate occupied an leading position,the element in temperate zone was very rich(genera,species and proportion all play an important role).The area department of plants had the following features : ① it was the development of herb;② there was a dominance of temperate species;③ it was age old in origin;④ endemic species was poor;⑤ its geographical elements were complex.
Flora
Floristics
Global biodiversity
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The species association of Castanopsis community in Jinggangshan Mountain Nature Reserve was analyzed in this paper. The experimental results may be useful for forest management, vegetation restoration, and biodiversity conservation in Jinggangshan Mountain Nature Reserve, and sustainable development of Jinggangshan tourist resources.
In the experiment, according to the factor of altitude, 15 plots were established, each of them containing four quadrats of size 10 m x 10 m. For every quadrat, one sub-quadrat of 5 m × 5 m was set for shrubs and one sub-cruadrat of 2 m × 2 m was set for herbaceous plants. Within each quadrat, the girths, plant name, heights, and coverage of all plants (H 5 m, DBH 10 cm) in tree layer, and individual number, plant name, heights, and coverage of all plants of all shrub and herbaceous plants were recorded. At the same time, the environment factors-slope, altitude, thickness of soil and so on were also recorded. Based on the data from the 15 plots, the species association for 20 dominant species in Castanopsis community was analysed. The data for statistics include the species numbers of the quadrats, the quadrats numbers of species and the relations between species pairs. Regarding the index value of the measure of species association as half-matrix, according to x2 value as constellation diagrams. Variance analysis,x2 test, association coefficient (AC) , Jaccard index and point correlation index were used to examine the species association between 20 dominant species in Castanopsis community.
There were 214 species of vascular plants in the Castanopsis community in Jinggangshan Mountain (including varieties), belonging to 75 families and 132 genera, in which the pteridophyte accounted for 14 families 19 genera and 24 species, the gymnosperm 3 families, 4 genera and 4 species, and the angiosperm 58 families, 109 genera and 186 species. The community structure was complicated, which was composed of tree layer, shrub layer and herb layer. The tree layer is consisted of three sub-layers.
It was found that the overall association between 20 dominant species was significantly positive. W test indicated that significantly positive correlation exist among the 20 dominant species, which suggests that the Castanopsis community is stable. Thex2 test showed that among these 20 dominant species, 10 species pairs exhibited highly significant positive association, another 10 species pairs showed significant positive association, 4 species pairs exhibited highly significant negative association, and 8 species pairs exhibited significant negative association. Most of the total 190 species pairs did not show significant association, which may be related to the serai stage of the community and the ecological characteristics of investigated species. Based on the results, it might be inferred that the community was at a stable late successional stage.
Quadrat
Castanopsis
Jaccard index
Herbaceous plant
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The floristic characteristics of Archichlamydeae were studied.The results revealed that more than 24 families,114 genera,310 species and 11 variaties of Archichlamydeae were recorded in Karakorum mountains of China.There were 2 families Leguminosae(66 species)and Brassicaceae(63 species)that were more than 60 species,and 3 families including 20-39 species,4 families including 10-19 species.The propotion of 9 families were 78.95% of total genera and 88.39% of total species in this area.The monotypic genera and oligotypic genera(103 species) accounted for dominant position in the floristic geographical elements of genera.But on the level of species,the little species genera and more species genera(245 species) accounted for dominant position in the floristic geographical elements of species.The analysis on the geographical elements of the 114 genera and 310 species of Archichlamydeae showed that there were 8 normal types and 14 aberrations of plant distribution in the area,most of which were temperate genera,including 67 genera and 194 species,66.34% and 79.18% of total plant genera species in the area.This indicated the temperate zone property was the basic characteristic of the flora in the area without tropic distribution and the Chinese unique distribution.Meanwhile,most interflows between the flora in this area with that in the Mediterranean,Western Asian and Central Asian,and few ones with Eastern Asian flora had been found,but without tropic distribution and the Chinese unique distribution.Compared with the peripheral regions,the similarity coefficient of the Pamirs of China and Karakorum Mountain of China was the highest,respectively were 82.14% of total families,63.69% of total genera and 33.86% of total species.The similarity coefficient of the East Afghanistan,Himalayan and the Qinghai-Tibeta to Karakorum Mountain of China respectively were 17.92%,15.36% and 16.26% of total genera.But on the level of species the similarity coefficient was lower,and respectively were 1.76% to 5.69% of total species.
Floristics
Flora
Vascular plant
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