Change in Yield Between First and Second Rotations in Willow (Salix spp.) Biomass Crops is Strongly Related to the Level of First Rotation Yield
Nathan J. SleightTimothy A. VolkGregg A. JohnsonMark H. EisenbiesShun ShiEric S. FabioPenelope S. Pooler
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Short rotation forestry
Short rotation coppice
Abstract Woody biomass produced from short rotation coppice ( SRC ) poplar ( Populus spp.) and willow ( Salix spp.) is a bioenergy feedstock that can be grown widely across temperate landscapes and its use is likely to increase in future. Process‐based models are therefore required to predict current and future yield potential that are spatially resolved and can consider new genotypes and climates that will influence future yield. The development of a process‐based model for SRC poplar and willow, ForestGrowth‐ SRC , is described and the ability of the model to predict SRC yield and water use efficiency ( WUE ) was evaluated. ForestGrowth‐ SRC was parameterized from a process‐based model, ForestGrowth for high forest. The new model predicted annual above ground yield well for poplar ( r 2 = 0.91, RMSE = 1.46 ODT ha −1 yr −1 ) and willow ( r 2 = 0.85, RMSE = 1.53 ODT ha −1 yr −1 ), when compared with measured data from seven sites in contrasting climatic zones across the United Kingdom . Average modelled yields for poplar and willow were 10.3 and 9.0 ODT ha −1 yr −1 , respectively, and interestingly, the model predicted a higher WUE for poplar than for willow: 9.5 and 5.5 g kg −1 respectively. Using regional mapped climate and soil inputs, modelled and measured yields for willow compared well ( r 2 = 0.58, RMSE = 1.27 ODT ha −1 yr −1 ), providing the first UK map of SRC yield, from a process‐based model. We suggest that the model can be used for predicting current and future SRC yields at a regional scale, highlighting important species and genotype choices with respect to water use efficiency and yield potential.
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Abstract Field experiments with willow ( Salix L.) coppice cultivation and Eko-Salix systems have been conducted at the University of Warmia and Mazury since 1992. In that wider context, the aim of the work described here was to compare energy inputs involved in setting up a plantation and producing biomass, and to assess the efficiency of willow-chips production under the coppice and Eko-Salix systems. The energy gain determined in the experiments was several to more than twenty times as great as the inputs needed to operate the plantation and to harvest willow biomass, this leaving both systems of willow cultivation under study attractive where setting up short-rotation coppices is concerned.
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The article presents first results of evaluation of experimental short rotation coppice, which was established as row mixture of selected poplar and willow clones in locality Dalovice in 1999. The goal of evaluation is to assess yield and stability of mixed short rotation coppice. Therefore experimental harvests of above ground biomass and measurements of quantitative characteristics (height, stem diameter and number) of trees were performed between 2005 and 2009. Collected data were statistically evaluated using analysis of variance (aNOV
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Willow ( Salix spp.) short‐rotation coppice (SRC) systems are becoming an attractive practice because they are a sustainable system fulfilling multiple ecological objectives with significant environmental benefits. A sustainable supply of bioenergy feedstock can be produced by willow on marginal land using well‐adapted or tolerant cultivars. Across Canada and the northern United States, there are millions of hectares of available degraded land that have the potential for willow SRC biomass production, with a C sequestration potential capable of offsetting appreciable amounts of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. A fundamental question concerning sustainable SRC willow yields was whether long‐term soil productivity is maintained within a multi‐rotation SRC system, given the rapid growth rate and associated nutrient exports offsite when harvesting the willow biomass after repeated short rotations. Based on early results from the first willow SRC rotation, it was found that willow systems have relatively low nutrient demands, with minimal nutrient outputs other than in the harvested biomass. Our overall aim was to summarize the literature and present findings and data from ongoing research trials across Canada and the northern United States examining willow SRC system establishment and viability. The research areas of interest are the crop production of willow SRC systems, above‐ and belowground biomass dynamics and the C budget, comprehensive soil–willow system nutrient budgets, and soil nutrient amendments (via fertilization) in willow SRC systems. Areas of existing research gaps were also identified for the Canadian context.
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Short rotation willow coppice (Salix) can be used as vegetation filter to treat industrialand municipal wastewater. In May 1998 a EU-FAIR project, "Biomass short rotationwillow coppice fertilized with nutrient from municipal wastewater (BWCW)" wasstarted to investigate the consequences to establish willow plantations to treatwastewater in some European countries with varying climatic conditions. The aims ofthis research project were to evaluate the positive effects of irrigation of willow-toenergy plantations with wastewater, but also to find the negative consequences and todevelop strategies to deal with them. The project comprises comparable pilot plantationslocated in four different climatic regions in the four European countries: France, Greece,Unite Kingdom and Sweden. In this paper the experiences from this EU research projectBWCW, which will be finished off in 2002, are briefly described.
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