Image and Pathological Changes after Radiofrequency Ablation of Invasive Breast Cancer: A Pilot Study of Nonsurgical Therapy of Early Breast Cancer
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Histopathology is often essential to establish an accurate diagnosis. Pathology laboratories are scarce in most Sub-Saharan Africa where dermatopathology is a developing field. In resource-poor countries, most specimens are analyzed only after hematoxylin and eosin staining. The availability of special stains is very limited and restricted to only few centers. The aim of this study is to analyze the extent of dermatopathological cases which can be adequately diagnosed after hematoxylin and eosin alone. Secondly, to investigate which cases required further special stains.All skin specimens submitted to two University Hospitals (Tanzania and Kenya) were included in this study. All specimens were first analyzed with hematoxylin and eosin and a diagnosis established when possible. All cases in which an accurate diagnosis after hematoxylin and eosin only was not possible, were registered and evaluated after further special stains.A total of 386 specimens were examined. A proper histopathologic diagnosis with hematoxylin and eosin alone was possible in 344 (89.1%) samples. In 45 (11.6%) cases, mostly skin infections, further special stains were necessary.A proper histopathologic diagnosis was possible after hematoxylin and eosin alone in almost 90% of the specimens submitted to the two laboratories in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Dermatopathology
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Histopathology
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Background: The contribution of staining techniques in brightfield microscopy has been remarkable, considering that many of these staining techniques are still widely used for diagnostic purposes more than a century after their introduction. Each working day in laboratories around the world, millions of microscope slides stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin are prepared and viewed by pathologists as part of the diagnostic process. Materials and Methods: The study included histological sections of four groups and 3 hematoxylin solutions. Each group of hematoxylin had sections of four groups. Hence, a total number of 60 sections were made. Results: The analysis of the relationship of the following variables, namely, different alum hematoxylin concluded that Harri’s hematoxylin was superior to Mayer’s and Ehrlich hematoxylin. Conclusion: Our study has shown much promise in exploring Hematoxylin and Eosin stain as a routine staining procedure. The persistence and continuing viability and growth of Hematoxylin and Eosin morphology indicates that this simple technique continues to meet most of the requirements of not only the pathologists but also clinicians, and, let us not forget, patients.
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肝是主要、第二等的恶意的一个普通地点。为 unresectable 肝癌症，许多本地夺格的治疗被开发了。这些包括例如，经皮的乙醇注射(PEI ) ，经皮的醋酸注射， radiofrequency 脱离(RFA ) ， cryoablation，微波脱离，导致激光的 thermotherapy，和高紧张的集中的超声。RFA 最近获得了兴趣并且是最广泛地应用的 thermoablative 技术。RFA 与 PEI 相比在更少治疗会议允许更有效的肿瘤控制，但是与复杂并发症的更高的率。然而，有某些情形， PEI 治疗代表更好的策略比 RFA 控制肝肿瘤，特别处于 RFA 是困难的状况，例如当大容器包围肿瘤时。在 hepatocellular 癌(HCC ) 的上下文， RFA 和 PEI 是可行的并且在非合用的病人的利益。RFA 在 HCC 比 PEI 似乎优异 > 干预的 2 厘米，和联合可能具有在选择病人的利益。肝切除术比为有满足米兰标准的 HCC 的病人的 RFA 优异，但是 RFA 能在肿瘤被采用 3 厘米并且在有增加的期望的起作用的死亡的地方。另外，证据的一些线显示 RFA 和 PEI 能作为一座桥被采用到肝移植。在 colorectal 肝转移的 RFA 的使用当前被限制到 unresectable 疾病并且为为外科不适宜的病人。这篇文章的目的是在肝肿瘤的管理总结 RFA 的当前的地位并且把它比作 PEI 的便宜、容易地可得到的技术。
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Objective To assess whether combination of radiofrequency ablation and transcatheeter arterial chemoembolizalion can increase effectiveness compared with radiofrequency alone in the treament of hepatic cancer. Methods 23 nodules smaller than 3cm in diameter of 17 patients were treated with radiofrequency ablation. Of these, 12 nodules were treated with the combination of radiofrequency ablation and chemoembolization. Results The greatest diameter of the area coagulated by combined therapy (40.8±3.1mm) was significantly larger than by radiofrequency ablation alone (37.8±2.8mm). During the follow-up, one local recurrence(11.1%) was found in the nodules treated by combined therapy, one local recurrence(12.3%) was found in the nodules treated by radiofrequency alone. No significant differences in complications were observed between combined therapy and radiofrequency ablation alone. Conclusion The combination of radiofrequency ablation and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization can increase the effectiveness compared with radiofrequency alone.
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Hematoxylin은 한국의 남부지방에서 당뇨합병증을 치료하기 위하여 사용해오던 민간약제인 Hematoxylon campechianum의 주성분이다. 본 논문에서는 hematoxylin의 혈당저하 메커니즘을 연구하기 위하여 3개 군의 흰쥐-정상군, 당뇨군, hematoxylin 처치군-에서 분리한 대퇴신경을 대상으로 2-deoxyglucose 수송능과 인지질 대사능을 조사였다. 실험결과 hematoxylin은 당뇨군에서 혈당치를 현저하게 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 무게단위의 기준으로 당뇨군의 신경조직의 경우, 총 인지질의 양은 20% 감소하였으나 상대적으로 phosphatidylinositide의 감소는 작은 것으로 나타났다. 이 경우, hematoxylin을 처치하면 2-[3H] myo-inositol이 총 phosphoinositids로 대사되는 비율이 증가하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이러한 효과는 낮은 농도의 hematoxylin 처치군보다 높은 농도의 처치군에서 훨씬 큰 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 실험결과는 hematoxylin의 당뇨개선 메커니즘이 myo-inositol 대사를 증가시킴으로써 체내 당 수송과 인지질 대사를 정상화시킨다는 점을 제시하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구결과를 토대로 저자들은 hematoxylin은 향후 당뇨 치료제로서 후보 물질이 될 수 있음을 제시하고자 한다. Hematoxylin is the main component of Hematoxylon campechianum which has been utilized in the southern provinces of Korea as a folk remedy for diabetic complications. In the present study, to investigate the hypoglycemic mechanism of hematoxylin, the 2-deoxyglucose uptake and phospholipid metabolism were examined in sciatic nerves from three groups of rats : normal control, diabetic control, diabetic hematoxylin-treated group. Hematoxylin significantly reduced blood glucose levels in diabetic control rats. On a wet weight basis, the nerves from diabetic rats showed a 20% decrease in total phospholipid from that of controls and a relative decrease in phosphatidylinositide. Hematoxylin treatment increased the incorporation rate of 2-[3H] myo-inositol into total phosphoinositids in diabetic rat. The effectiveness were more potent in higher dose hematoxylin-treated rats than lower dose hematoxylin-treated rats. These results suggest that hematoxylin increases glucose transport and lipid metabolism by partially normalizing concerned with myo-inositol metabolism in diabetic rat. Therefore we propose that hematoxylin can be a promising candidate for diabetes medication.
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Study on pathological diagnosis of pathological changes of 457 patients with atypical squamous cells
Objective To discuss the pathological diagnosis of pathological changes.Methods The 457 patients with pathological changes of cervical atypical squamous cells were further investigated by colposcope and multiple cervical biopsies for pathological analysis.Results The rates of cervical epitheilial neoplasma II(CINⅡ) of ASC-US and ASC-H were 8.15%(34/417) and 35%(14/40),showing significant defferences between the two groups(P0.01).Conclusion Pathological analysis be carried out for early diagnosis of cervical epithelial neoplams.
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Helicobacter pylori and intestinal metaplasia (IM) are readily seen in hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides of gastric and/or esophageal biopsies, yet many pathology laboratories perform routine special stains on all of these biopsies. We wished to determine if special stains are necessary for every single gastric and/or esophageal biopsy. We prospectively studied 613 gastric and/or esophageal biopsies from 494 consecutive patients. The slides were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, toluidine blue (TB) for H. pylori, and Alcian blue (AB) for IM. The hematoxylin and eosin slide was classed as positive or negative for H. pylori and IM. Then it was determined if the case needed a TB or AB stain. A total of 436 cases (71.1%) were identified as H. pylori-negative and not needing a TB stain, and none was TB+. A total of 126 (20.6%) of hematoxylin and eosin slides were inconclusive for H. pylori and were regarded as needing a TB stain. Twenty of these (15.9%) were TB+. Fifty-one biopsies (8.3%) were regarded as H. pylori+ on hematoxylin and eosin; the TB stain was also positive in 49. IM was present in 113 (18.4%) hematoxylin and eosin biopsies. Hematoxylin and eosin slides were IM-negative in 498 cases (81.2%). The AB stain revealed rare goblet cells in 3 of 498 cases (0.6%). Only one of those biopsies was esophageal, and that had one goblet cell that was missed on hematoxylin and eosin. Only 2 (0.3%) were regarded as needing an AB stain. We conclude that routine special stains for all gastric and/or esophageal biopsies are not required, and hematoxylin and eosin assessment combined with selective ordering of these stains will identify virtually all cases of H. pylori gastritis and intestinal metaplasia.
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Eosin
Intestinal metaplasia
Gastric biopsy
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Helicohacter pylorl (H. pylorl ) Is ldentlflable in hematoxyiin‐eosin (HE)‐stalned preparations, particuularly under a prolonged hematoxylln staining condition. The stalnlng intensity of H. pylori bodies was Increased when the hemetoxylln stalnlng period was doubled from 5 min, the routine period of Meyer's hematoxyiin stalnlng, to 10 min. The stalning intenstty of the background eplthellal nuclei was only mildly increased. Hematoxylin‐eosin staining employing a prolonged hematoxylin staining period gave detedablllty of H. pylori comparable to May‐Glemsa and lmmunoperoxldase staining. The modified HE method is thus Very useful and practical for identifying H. pylori in routine gastric biopsy specimens.
Gastric biopsy
Eosin
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Acquiring information on the precise distribution of a tumor is essential to evaluate intratumoral heterogeneity. Conventional hematoxylin and eosin staining, which has been used by pathologists for more than 100 years, is the gold standard of tumor diagnosis. However, it is difficult to stain entire tumor tissues with hematoxylin and eosin and then acquire the three-dimensional distribution of cells in solid tumors due to difficulties in the staining and rinsing. In this paper, we propose a modified hematoxylin and eosin staining method, in which delipidation and ultrasound waves were applied to enhance tissue permeability and accelerate dye diffusion. This improved hematoxylin and eosin staining method is termed iHE (intact tissue hematoxylin and eosin staining). We applied the iHE method to stain intact organs of mice, which were then sectioned and imaged sequentially. The results showed that the whole tissue was stained homogeneously. Combined with micro-optical sectioning tomography (MOST), the iHE method can be used for 3D volume imaging and to evaluate the intratumoral heterogeneity of the entire tumor tissue spatially. Therefore, this method may help to accurately diagnose the invasion stage of tumors and guide clinical treatments.
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Eosin
Eosin Y
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