Synthesis and characterization of polymers from cashewnut shell liquid: a renewable resource
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Keywords:
Copolyester
Thermogravimetric analysis
Inherent viscosity
Ubbelohde viscometer
Copolyester
Thermogravimetric analysis
Inherent viscosity
Ubbelohde viscometer
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A CYLINDER VISCOMETER CAPABLE OF MEASURING VISCOSITY OF SMALL QUANTITIES (2G) OF BITUMINOUS BINDERS AT VERY HIGH VISCOSITY LEVELS HAS BEEN DEVELOPED. THE TEST IS BASED ON THE DEFORMATION OF A CYLINDER OF BINDER UNDER A KNOWN LOAD AT A CONTROLLED TEMPERATURE. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE INSTRUMENT PROVIDES A USEFUL TOOL FOR STUDYING THE CHANGES IN THE VISCOSITY OF RECOVERED BINDERS ON AGING AND WEATHERING IN SERVICE. /RRL(A)/
Ubbelohde viscometer
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To measure the viscosity of Newtonian fluid in different temperature and shearing rate,a new rotating viscometer with the function of viscosity-temperature conversion was designed based on the single cylinder rotating viscometer and relationship between the fluid and temperature.This viscometer adopted the PIC16F877 MCU as the controller,and the timer/counter(Timer0) module of PIC16F877 was used for angle measurement.Through viscosity-temperature conversion algorithm in the procedure,the viscometer can realize the viscosity measurement and viscosity-temperature conversion function.The testing results show this new viscometer can meet the request for practical application.
Ubbelohde viscometer
Shearing (physics)
Timer
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Ubbelohde viscometer
Apparent viscosity
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A new type of viscometer for measuring human blood viscosity is made by using a vacuum glass tube and a capillary needle. This new viscometer needs a volume of only about 5 × 10–6–8 × 10–6 m3 of blood. Simple handling, quick measurement and accurate results in a wide shear rate range are its superior features. Additionally, the whole measuring set with the viscometer is easy to use and to carry, and it is not expensive.By using various standard-viscosity Newtonian liquids, it is confirmed experimentally that this viscometer is sufficiently accurate in the range of less than about 10–2 Pa·s. The viscosity of fresh human blood collected in a hospital is measured by the new viscometer and it is confirmed that the viscosity value obtained is reasonable by comparing it with that by a traditional measuring method. Further, it is shown that the new viscometer can measure the viscosities of other liquids which have complex properties.
Ubbelohde viscometer
Glass tube
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Ubbelohde viscometer
Viscosity index
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Ubbelohde viscometer
Slit
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A modified Ubbelodhe viscometer with polytetrafluoroethylene capillary has been fabricated. The newly constructed viscometer was tested and compared with conventional glass viscometer by measuring the aqueous solution viscosity of a partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide sample covering a considerable wide concentration range down to extremely dilute region. The interference from polymer adsorption onto the capillary inner wall surface on the viscosity measurements is completely avoided when the new modified viscosimeter is used instead of common glass viscometer. The experimental results indicate that the so called “polyelectrolyte effect” of solution viscosity is just only an apparent phenomenon due to polymer adsorption.
Ubbelohde viscometer
Polytetrafluoroethylene
Polyacrylamide
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The viscosity of pure 2, 2, 2 trifluoroethanol and its aqueous solutions of 85 mol% and 60 mol% has been measured in the temperature range 273 - 453 K and at pressures up to 40 MPa by a closed circuit capillary viscometer. No experimental data are reported for the pressure dependence of the viscosity of these mixtures so far. The experimental error of the present measurement is estimated at ±1.1%. The measured data were correlated with an equation of the viscosity in terms of temperature and pressure for each mixture. At atmospheric pressure, additional measurements were performed with the aid of a Ubbelohde viscometer over the whole range of composition was confirmed.
Ubbelohde viscometer
Atmospheric temperature range
Reduced viscosity
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