Artificial reduction in transepidermal water loss improves skin barrier function
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Artificial reduction of abnormal transepidermal water loss (TEWL) is considered to improve skin diseases associated with a defective barrier function. Treatment of the skin with moisturizers is also known to influence skin barrier function. Whether or not differences in occlusion between creams contribute to their effects on the skin barrier function is unknown.To investigate the long-term effects of a semipermeable membrane on the skin barrier function in normal skin. In addition, the occlusive properties of two creams were studied.The study was randomized, controlled and evaluator-blind using measurement of TEWL and skin susceptibility to sodium lauryl sulphate as indicators of skin barrier function.Coating of the skin with a silicone membrane for 23 h per day for 3 weeks improved skin barrier function, whereas no significant changes were found after using the membrane for 8 h per day.Differences between creams in terms of their effect on skin barrier function cannot be solely explained by their occlusive properties.Keywords:
Transepidermal water loss
Skin Barrier
Barrier function
Abstract Introduction The fundamental function of the epidermis is to provide an inside‐out barrier to water loss and an outside‐in barrier to penetration of external irritants. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) has been extensively used as a method of estimating the skin barrier quality, typically without any consideration of directionality. The validity of TEWL as an estimate of skin permeability to external substances has been controversial in vitro and in vivo. The aim of this work was to assess the relationship between TEWL and the penetration of a topically applied external marker (caffeine) in healthy skin in vivo before and following a challenge to the barrier. Methods The skin barrier was challenged by application of aqueous solutions of mild cleanser products under occlusion for 3 h on the forearms of nine human participants. Skin barrier quality was evaluated before and after the challenge by measuring the TEWL rate and the permeated amount of topically applied caffeine using in vivo confocal Raman microspectroscopy. Results No skin irritation was observed following the skin barrier challenge. TEWL rates and the caffeine penetrated amount in the stratum corneum after the challenge were not correlated. A weak correlation was observed when the changes were corrected to water‐only treatment. TEWL values can be influenced by environmental conditions as well as the skin temperature and water content. Conclusions Measuring TEWL rates is not always representative of the outside‐in barrier. TEWL may be useful in differentiating large changes in skin barrier function (e.g., between healthy and compromised skin) but is less sensitive to small variations following topical application of mild cleansers.
Transepidermal water loss
Barrier function
Skin Barrier
Penetration (warfare)
Cleanser
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Characterization of the canine skin barrier restoration following acute disruption by tape stripping
The stratum corneum (SC) forms the main part of the permeability barrier of the skin. In mice and in humans, cutaneous barrier disruption can be generated by removing the SC with tape stripping (TS) and the skin barrier function can be assessed by measurement of transepidermal water loss (TEWL). The aim of the present study was to characterize the skin barrier restoration in the dog following mechanical disruption and to analyse the correlation between the skin barrier recovery and TEWL measurement. Thirty sequential TS were performed on 12 sites on four healthy beagle dogs. The number of TS was chosen to ensure a sufficient barrier disruption with a slow recovery. Skin repair was assessed for 72 h by clinical and histological examinations, and TEWL measurements. The results showed that performing 30 TS was adequate to disrupt the skin barrier in the dog. The homeostatic repair response, initiated in the skin, was rapid and characterized by complete restoration of the SC within 72 h, accompanied by greater basal cell proliferation, and dermal eosinophilic inflammation. TEWL was significantly increased by complete removal of the SC but recovered along with restoration of the SC (Scheffe test, P ≤ 0.05). Characterization of a canine model of barrier disruption and restoration and assessment of the skin barrier function by TEWL measurements could help better understand the events implied in skin barrier function. Development of this canine model is also necessary for future studies on the effects of treatments aimed at restoring the skin barrier.
Transepidermal water loss
Barrier function
Skin Barrier
Beagle
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The skin is the outermost barrier that directly and continuously contacts environment. In order to develop preventive strategies against skin damage, inflammation, and skin aging by the airborne particulate matter (PM) in Seoul Metropolitan area, we have been investigating the deleterious effects of PM on skin barrier, and its underlying mechanisms. Previous studies reported that PM can penetrate the barrier-damaged skin area and induce inflammatory responses in keratinocytes. Once reaching the dermal layer, PM can also inhibit collagen synthesis in dermal fibroblast. However, there are few reports about the direct effects of PM on skin barrier function. In this study, using a newly developed IoT-based at-home device measuring trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL) and stratum corneum hydration (SCH), we investigated the potential correlation between PM and skin barrier function in daily based measurements. Total 26 participants (13 healthy volunteers and 13 atopic dermatitis-diagnosed volunteers) were enrolled for the study and participants were administrated to measure the TEWL and SCH at least once a day for 5 months. During the same period, daily PM concentration, UV irradiation strength, ambient temperature and relative humidity data were also collected and analysed against participants-generated clinical data. As results, while skin barrier function, expressed by TEWL, in healthy volunteers was not affected by PM, impairment of skin barrier by PM was observed in atopic dermatitis patients. These results suggest that PM can aggravate skin barrier function in predisposed skin, such as atopic dermatitis. Since TEWL data can also provide the information about the basal skin barrier condition, daily based TEWL measurement can be used for not only identifying more susceptible groups for PM induced skin damages, but also evaluating the efficacy of various preventive strategies, including cosmetics.
Transepidermal water loss
Barrier function
Skin Barrier
Dry skin
Skin Aging
Sensitive skin
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Transepidermal water loss
Bathing
Skin Barrier
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Artificial reduction of abnormal transepidermal water loss (TEWL) is considered to improve skin diseases associated with a defective barrier function. Treatment of the skin with moisturizers is also known to influence skin barrier function. Whether or not differences in occlusion between creams contribute to their effects on the skin barrier function is unknown.To investigate the long-term effects of a semipermeable membrane on the skin barrier function in normal skin. In addition, the occlusive properties of two creams were studied.The study was randomized, controlled and evaluator-blind using measurement of TEWL and skin susceptibility to sodium lauryl sulphate as indicators of skin barrier function.Coating of the skin with a silicone membrane for 23 h per day for 3 weeks improved skin barrier function, whereas no significant changes were found after using the membrane for 8 h per day.Differences between creams in terms of their effect on skin barrier function cannot be solely explained by their occlusive properties.
Transepidermal water loss
Skin Barrier
Barrier function
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Citations (41)
The epidermal barrier function is disrupted in various inflammatory skin diseases. Accurate methods to measure skin barrier function are needed to assess the effect of therapeutic agents. Therefore, we developed a noninvasive multiparametric approach to measure four different parameters regarding the skin barrier. In the current pilot study, we evaluate this method in 14 healthy volunteers. We assessed erythema, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), water content, and epidermal thickness at both cheeks before and 30 min after application of Lanette and Vaseline-Lanette cream. For this, we used spectrophotometry, the Aquaflux device, the Epsilon device, and reflection confocal microscopy, respectively. Stratum corneum (SC) thickness was significantly increased after application of both creams (p < 0.05), and this increase was larger after Lanette cream compared to after Vaseline-Lanette cream (p = 0.035). Erythema, TEWL, and water content did not significantly change after cream application. Our multiparametric approach is promising and offers a feasible and practical way to quickly obtain multifaceted information about skin barrier function. Further exploration of this approach after prolonged use of cream and in conditions of disrupted skin barrier are recommended areas for future research.
Transepidermal water loss
Skin Barrier
Barrier function
Erythema
Vaseline
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Transepidermal water loss
Barrier function
Skin Barrier
Epidermis (zoology)
Dry skin
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Increased skin‐surface pH is an important host‐related factor for deteriorated barrier function in aged skin. We investigated whether restoration of skin pH through topical application of a water‐in‐oil emulsion with pH 4 improved the barrier homeostasis in aged skin, and compared the effects with an identical galenic formulation with pH 5·8. The effects of the test formulations on barrier recovery were investigated by repeated measurements of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and skin pH 3 h, 6 h and 24 h after acetone‐induced impairment of barrier function in aged skin. The long‐term effects of the pH 4 and pH 5·8 emulsions were analysed by investigation of the barrier integrity and cohesion, the skin‐surface pH and the skin roughness and scaliness before and after a 4‐week, controlled application of the formulations. The application of the pH 4 emulsion accelerated barrier recovery in aged skin: 3 h and 6 h after acetone‐induced barrier disruption the differences in the TEWL recovery between the pH 4 treated and acetone control fields were significant. Furthermore, long‐term application of the pH 4 formulation resulted in significantly decreased skin pH, enhanced barrier integrity and reduced skin‐surface roughness and scaliness. At the same time points, the pH 5·8 formulation exerted only minor effects on the barrier function parameters. Exogenous acidification through topical application of a water‐in‐oil emulsion with pH 4 leads to improvement of the skin barrier function and maintenance of the barrier homeostasis in aged skin.
Transepidermal water loss
Barrier function
Skin Barrier
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Moisturizers (emollients) are used frequently on normal and diseased skin. However, only few studies have examined their effects in dynamic situations and in more clinically relevant settings. We evaluated the effect of 4 commonly used products in a hairless mice model after acute skin barrier perturbation with acetone. The efficacy was evaluated by measurement of the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and electrical conductance at various time intervals during barrier repair. The test products were compared with acetone‐treated air‐exposed controls allowed to recover otherwise normally and with a known irritant product, chlorhexidine cream 1%. Locobase® was the most effective product in correcting barrier function and significantly improved barrier function during early stages of barrier recovery (<6 h) with out interfering with late stages of barrier recovery (>6 h). The irritant control product, chlorhexidine cream 1%, delayed barrier recovery in the late stages. The model makes it possible to evaluate the combined effects of exogenous and endogenous components on barrier repair and to select the potentially most effective products before perforating more cumbersome and time‐consuming field studies.
Transepidermal water loss
Barrier function
Skin Barrier
Hairless
Lotion
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Abstract Background Measurements of transepidermal water loss ( TEWL ) and stratum corneum ( SC ) hydration are important for assessing epidermal functions. However, the availability of reliable and user‐friendly devices, which can simultaneously measure both TEWL and SC hydration and can allow health providers to remotely access data in time, is limited. Materials and Methods GPS kin Barrier ® was compared with MPA 5 system in the measurements of TEWL and SC hydration on the cheek, the dorsal hand, and the forearm in 200 normal volunteers, including 126 females and 74 males, aged 1‐78 years with an average age of 45.24 ± 1.04 years. Correlation of data measured with MPA 5 system and GPS kin Barrier ® was determined. Results Levels of both TEWL and SC hydration measured with the Barrie GPS kin Barrier ® were lower than that with MPA 5 system on all 3 body sites except for hydration on the cheek. The levels of both TEWL and SC hydration measured with GpSkin Barrier ® were correlated well with that measured with MPA 5 system on all 3 body sites Conclusions GPS kin Barrier ® is a reliable, affordable, and versatile device for assessing epidermal permeability barrier function and SC hydration.
Transepidermal water loss
Barrier function
Skin Barrier
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