OR114 Pilot study evaluating the effects of baby’s first bath on newborn skin
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Transepidermal water loss
Bathing
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The effect of carbon dioxide (CO2 )-rich water bathing on the skin has been studied extensively in humans. However, there have been few studies evaluating the impact of CO2 -rich water bathing on canine skin physiology and barrier functions.To evaluate the impact of artificially carbonated water (ACW) bathing on skin parameters in healthy beagles.Six healthy beagles with no history of skin disease.Body temperature, skin temperature, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin hydration and skin blood flow were evaluated before and after single ACW bathing (37°C, 20 min) with a CO2 concentration of >1000 ppm.After ACW bathing, skin blood flow significantly increased (p < 0.0001), yet there were no significant changes in body temperature (p = 0.3124), skin temperature (p = 0.4911), TEWL (p = 0.5167) or skin hydration (p = 0.3084). There were no adverse events during the trials.Artificially carbonated water water bathing could potentially increase skin blood flow without affecting skin temperature, body temperature and skin barrier function in dogs, similar to its effects in humans.L'effet d'un bain d'eau riche en dioxyde de carbone (CO2) sur la peau a été largement étudié chez l'homme. Cependant, peu d'études ont évalué l'impact d'un bain d'eau riche en CO2 sur la physiologie de la peau canine et ses fonctions de barrière.Évaluer l'impact du bain d'eau artificiellement gazéifiée (ACW) sur les paramètres cutanés chez des beagles en bonne santé.Six beagles en bonne santé sans antécédent de maladie de peau. MATÉRIELS ET MÉTHODES: La température corporelle, la température de la peau, la perte d'eau transépidermique (TEWL), l'hydratation de la peau et le flux sanguin cutané ont été évalués avant et après un seul bain ACW (37 °C, 20 min) avec une concentration de CO2 > 1 000 ppm. RÉSULTATS: Après le bain ACW, le débit sanguin cutané a augmenté de manière significative (p < 0,0001), mais il n'y a pas eu de changements significatifs de la température corporelle (p = 0,3124), de la température cutanée (p = 0,4911), du TEWL (p = 0,5167) ou de l'hydratation cutanée (p = 0,3084). Il n'y a eu aucun événement indésirable au cours des essais.Le bain d'eau ACW pourrait potentiellement augmenter le flux sanguin cutané sans affecter la température cutanée, la température corporelle et la fonction de barrière cutanée chez le chien, comme ses effets chez l'homme.INTRODUCCIÓN: El efecto del baño de agua rica en dióxido de carbono (CO2 ) sobre la piel se ha estudiado ampliamente en humanos. Sin embargo, ha habido pocos estudios que evalúen el impacto de los baños de agua ricos en CO2 en la fisiología y las funciones de barrera de la piel canina.Evaluar el impacto del baño con agua carbonatada artificialmente (ACW) en los parámetros de la piel en beagles sanos.Seis beagles sanos sin antecedentes de enfermedades de la piel. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se evaluó la temperatura corporal, la temperatura de la piel, la pérdida de agua transepidérmica (TEWL), la hidratación de la piel y el flujo sanguíneo de la piel antes y después de un solo baño ACW (37°C, 20 min) con una concentración de CO2 de >1,000 ppm.después del baño ACW, el flujo sanguíneo de la piel aumentó significativamente (p < 0,0001), pero no hubo cambios significativos en la temperatura corporal (p = 0,3124), temperatura de la piel (p = 0,4911), TEWL (p = 0,5167) o hidratación de la piel (p = 0,3084). No hubo eventos adversos durante los ensayos. CONCLUSIÓN: el baño de agua ACW podría aumentar potencialmente el flujo sanguíneo de la piel sin afectar la temperatura de la piel, la temperatura corporal y la función de barrera de la piel en perros, de manera similar a sus efectos en humanos.Beim Menschen ist die Auswirkung von Kohlendioxid (CO2 ) - reichem Badewasser auf die Haut umfassend untersucht. Nichtsdestotrotz gibt es wenige Studien, die die Auswirkung von CO2 - reichem Badewasser auf die Physiologie der Hundehaut sowie auf die Barrierefunktionen der Hundehaut evaluiert haben.Eine Evaluierung der Auswirkung von Bädern mit Wasser, welches künstlich mit Kohlensäure versetzt worden war (ACW) auf die Parameter der Haut gesunder Beagles.Sechs gesunde Beagles ohne Vorgeschichte einer Hauterkrankung.Körpertemperatur, Hauttemperatur, transepidermaler Wasserverlust (TEWL), Hydrierung der Haut und Durchblutung der Haut wurden vor und nach einem einzigen Bad mit ACW (37°C, 20 min) bei einer CO2 Konzentration von > 1000 ppm evaluiert.Nach einem Bad mit ACW war die Durchblutung der Haut signifikant erhöht (p < 0,0001), allerdings gab es keine signifikanten Veränderungen der Körpertemperatur (p = 0,3124), der Hauttemperatur (p = 0,4911), des TEWL (p = 0,5167) oder der Hydrierung der Haut (p = 0,3084). Es traten während dieser Studie keine Nebenwirkungen auf.Bäder mit ACW hältigem Wasser könnten möglicherweise die Durchblutung der Haut fördern ohne dabei die Hauttemperatur, die Körpertemperatur oder die Funktion der Hautbarriere bei Hunden zu beeinträchtigen, was den Auswirkungen beim Menschen ähnlich ist.背景: 炭酸ガス(CO2 )リッチウォーター入浴の皮膚への影響は、ヒトでは広範囲に研究されている。しかし、犬の皮膚生理やバリア機能に及ぼすCO2 リッチウォーター入浴の影響を評価した研究はほとんどない。 目的: 本研究の目的は、健常ビーグル犬を対象に、人工炭酸水(ACW)入浴が皮膚パラメータに与える影響を評価することであった。 対象動物: 皮膚疾患の既往のない健常ビーグル犬6頭 材料と方法: 体温、皮膚温、経皮水分蒸散量(TEWL)、皮膚水和度、皮膚血流を、1,000 ppmを超えるCO2 濃度のACW入浴(37°C、20分)の前後で評価した。 結果: ACW入浴後、皮膚血流は有意に増加したが(p < 0.0001)、体温(p = 0.3124)、皮膚温(p = 0.4911)、TEWL(p = 0.5167)、皮膚水和度(p = 0.3084)は有意に変化しなかった。試験中の有害事象はなかった。 結論: ACW入浴は、ヒトにおける効果と同様に、犬の皮膚温度、体温および皮膚バリア機能に影響を与えることなく、皮膚血流を増加させる可能性があった。.背景: 富含二氧化碳 (CO2) 的水浴对皮肤的影响已在人体中进行了广泛研究。然而，很少有研究评价富 CO2 水浴对犬皮肤生理和屏障功能的影响。 目的: 评价人工碳酸水 (ACW) 沐浴对健康比格犬皮肤参数的影响。 动物: 6只无皮肤病史的健康比格犬。 材料和方法: 在 CO2 浓度 > 1 000 ppm的单次 ACW 水浴 (37°C,20 min) 前后评价体温、皮肤温度、经表皮失水 (TEWL)、皮肤水合作用和皮肤血流量。 结果: ACW水浴后，皮肤血流量显著增加 (p < 0.0001)，但体温 (p = 0.3124)、皮肤温度 (p = 0.4911)、TEWL(p = 0.5167) 或皮肤水合作用 (p = 0.3084) 无显著变化。试验期间未发生不良事件。 结论: ACW水浴可潜在增加皮肤血流量，而不影响犬的皮肤温度、体温和皮肤屏障功能，与对人体的作用相似。.O efeito do banho com água rica em dióxido de carbono (CO2 ) na pele tem sido extensivamente estudado em humanos. Entretanto, poucos estudos foram realizados avaliando o impacto do banho com água rica em CO2 na fisiologia e nas funções de barreira da pele canina.Avaliar o impacto do banho com água artificialmente carbonada (AAC) nos parâmetros cutâneos de beagles saudáveis.Seis beagles saudáveis sem histórico de dermatopatias. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Temperatura corpórea, temperatura cutânea, perda de água transepidérmica (TEWL), hidratação cutânea e fluxo sanguíneo cutâneo foram avaliados antes e após um único banho com AAC (37°C, 20 min) em uma concentração de CO2 >1,000 ppm.Após o banho com AAC, o fluxo sanguíneo cutâneo aumentou significativamente (p < 0,0001), apesar de não haver alterações signficativas na temperatura corpórea (p = 0,3124), temperatura cutânea (p = 0,4911), TEWL (p = 0,5167) ou hidratação cutânea (p = 0,3084). CONCLUSÃO: Banho com AAC pode potencialmente aumentar o fluxo sanguíneo cutâneo sem afetar a temperatura cutânea, temperatura corpórea e função de barreira cutânea e, cães, similar ao seu efeito em humanos.
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Various methods of bathing may affect skin properties differently.To compare the effects of immersion and showering on skin hydration and transepidermal water loss (TEWL).This experimental study included healthy volunteers whose forearms were immersed and showered for 3 minutes. Skin hydration and TEWL were assessed serially before and after immersion and showering of volunteer forearms.Seventy-eight healthy volunteers (49 females, 29 males) were enrolled with an age range of 12-55 years (mean 31.41 ± 10.33). Both methods significantly increased skin hydration and TEWL (P < .001). The capacitance value significantly increased immediately after bathing, and then rapidly decreased within 3 minutes. It returned to baseline by 10 minutes after bathing. There was no statistically significant difference of capacitance between the two methods at any measurement (P > .05). TEWL at every measurement after bathing was significantly increased compared to baseline for both bathing methods (P < .001). The highest TEWL was observed immediately after bathing, but then significantly decreased compared to the previous measurement (P < .001).Immersion and showering similarly demonstrated significant increase in skin hydration and TEWL. The increment of capacitance after bathing returned to baseline level within 10 minutes.
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The epidermal barrier function is disrupted in various inflammatory skin diseases. Accurate methods to measure skin barrier function are needed to assess the effect of therapeutic agents. Therefore, we developed a noninvasive multiparametric approach to measure four different parameters regarding the skin barrier. In the current pilot study, we evaluate this method in 14 healthy volunteers. We assessed erythema, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), water content, and epidermal thickness at both cheeks before and 30 min after application of Lanette and Vaseline-Lanette cream. For this, we used spectrophotometry, the Aquaflux device, the Epsilon device, and reflection confocal microscopy, respectively. Stratum corneum (SC) thickness was significantly increased after application of both creams (p < 0.05), and this increase was larger after Lanette cream compared to after Vaseline-Lanette cream (p = 0.035). Erythema, TEWL, and water content did not significantly change after cream application. Our multiparametric approach is promising and offers a feasible and practical way to quickly obtain multifaceted information about skin barrier function. Further exploration of this approach after prolonged use of cream and in conditions of disrupted skin barrier are recommended areas for future research.
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Increased skin‐surface pH is an important host‐related factor for deteriorated barrier function in aged skin. We investigated whether restoration of skin pH through topical application of a water‐in‐oil emulsion with pH 4 improved the barrier homeostasis in aged skin, and compared the effects with an identical galenic formulation with pH 5·8. The effects of the test formulations on barrier recovery were investigated by repeated measurements of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and skin pH 3 h, 6 h and 24 h after acetone‐induced impairment of barrier function in aged skin. The long‐term effects of the pH 4 and pH 5·8 emulsions were analysed by investigation of the barrier integrity and cohesion, the skin‐surface pH and the skin roughness and scaliness before and after a 4‐week, controlled application of the formulations. The application of the pH 4 emulsion accelerated barrier recovery in aged skin: 3 h and 6 h after acetone‐induced barrier disruption the differences in the TEWL recovery between the pH 4 treated and acetone control fields were significant. Furthermore, long‐term application of the pH 4 formulation resulted in significantly decreased skin pH, enhanced barrier integrity and reduced skin‐surface roughness and scaliness. At the same time points, the pH 5·8 formulation exerted only minor effects on the barrier function parameters. Exogenous acidification through topical application of a water‐in‐oil emulsion with pH 4 leads to improvement of the skin barrier function and maintenance of the barrier homeostasis in aged skin.
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The skin forms a critical structural boundary and a perceptual interface for the organism, yet the definition "healthy skin" is surprisingly difficult to describe. The present study's goal was to generate a technical definition of healthy infant skin by quantifying specific biophysical parameters before and after bathing in infants and correlating such parameters to a perceptual maternal evaluation. Fifty-two healthy infants, 3-6 months old, were evaluated before and after freshwater bathing. Diapered skin had a higher transepidermal water loss (TEWL), surface hydration, moisture accumulation rate (MAT), and friction than nondiapered skin before the bath (p < 0.01). Bathing dramatically altered the biophysical properties at both skin sites, with decreased MAT and lower friction, indicating a drier skin surface (p < 0.01). Visual redness and dryness decreased after bathing (p < 0.01). Blinded grading of optical images showed a significant preference for the skin after bathing (p < 0.01). This study provides the first quantitative technical definition of healthy infant skin with positive correlation to perceptual assessment by independent observers (mothers). The findings support the hypothesis that water binding properties of the stratum corneum are altered by occlusion (diapering) and that bathing introduces acute changes in stratum corneum water interactions, leading to a drier skin surface and a preferred skin appearance.
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Abstract The analysis of the skin barrier properties is important in various fields of medical treatment and cosmetology. The development and improvement of topically applied substances require an objective analysis of the skin barrier characteristics. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) measurement is the standard method to characterize epidermal barrier function. The most important disadvantage of this method though, is that it can be affected by different exogenous and endogenous factors, e.g. water content of the applied formulation and room temperature. In the present study, TEWL measurements are compared to laser scanning microscopic (LSM) measurements, concerning the use of these two methods for the non‐invasive in vivo characterization of the epidermal barrier function. The investigations were performed prior and subsequent to treatment of dry skin with a gel mixture, developed for skin treatment after radiotherapy for cancer. The present results indicate that in vivo laser scanning microscopy is an appropriate method for the characterization of the skin barrier structure without interference by external factors. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
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Purpose: Two randomized, intra-individual comparison studies were performed in healthy subjects to evaluate the skin moisturization and barrier restoration potential of a new topical panthenol-containing emollient (NTP-CE) (Study 1), and its effect on skin microflora (Study 2).Methods: In Study 1 (N = 23), two skin areas, one challenged with 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solution and one unchallenged, were treated with NTP-CE for 3 weeks. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin hydration, and intercellular lipid lamellae (ICLL) organization were measured at regular intervals during the study. In Study 2 (N = 20), quantitative bacterial cultures were obtained over 6 h from a skin area undergoing wash stress with 10% SDS with subsequent single application of NTP-CE.Results: In Study 1, mean AUC for TEWL reduction from baseline was more pronounced with NTP-CE compared with control (−168.36 vs. −123.38 g/m2/h, p = 0.023). NTP-CE use was also associated with statistically significant improvements in stratum corneum hydration and an increase in mean ICLL length from baseline (day 22: 120.61 vs. 35.85 nm/1000 nm2, p < 0.001). In Study 2, NTP-CE use had no negative impact on bacterial viability.Conclusions: NTP-CE use has favorable and lasting effects on barrier function and repair as well as skin hydration without negatively influencing bacterial viability.
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Moisturizers (emollients) are used frequently on normal and diseased skin. However, only few studies have examined their effects in dynamic situations and in more clinically relevant settings. We evaluated the effect of 4 commonly used products in a hairless mice model after acute skin barrier perturbation with acetone. The efficacy was evaluated by measurement of the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and electrical conductance at various time intervals during barrier repair. The test products were compared with acetone‐treated air‐exposed controls allowed to recover otherwise normally and with a known irritant product, chlorhexidine cream 1%. Locobase® was the most effective product in correcting barrier function and significantly improved barrier function during early stages of barrier recovery (<6 h) with out interfering with late stages of barrier recovery (>6 h). The irritant control product, chlorhexidine cream 1%, delayed barrier recovery in the late stages. The model makes it possible to evaluate the combined effects of exogenous and endogenous components on barrier repair and to select the potentially most effective products before perforating more cumbersome and time‐consuming field studies.
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