Initial Adjustment of the Mach-Zehnder Interferometer
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Abstract:
A relatively simple method is described for adjustment of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer for parallel image planes and for white light fringes. Auxiliary apparatus required consists of one plane mirror and one pinhole, which may be incorporated as permanent parts of the interferometer.Keywords:
Pinhole (optics)
Interferometric visibility
In this research an interferometric system was developed that generates four simultaneous interferograms with independent phase shifts using modulated polarization. The proposed system consists of three coupled interferometers: the first system is a polarized Mach-Zehnder interferometer, which generates the pattern, the second and the third interferometer system, function as replicators of the first pattern, so the four patterns are generated. To show the novelty of the developed system, the calculation of optical path difference (OPD) for phase samples are shown.
Interferometric visibility
Optical path length
Phase difference
Optical path
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We have studied theoretically the performance of symmetric and nonsymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer sensors with ridge and buried index profiles. The effect of device parameters on sensor performance is investigated, in particular of the window opening in symmetric and of the path length difference in nonsymmetric interferometers. Sensors with low losses are designed.
Optical path length
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A potassium ion-exchange process is employed to make integrated optical Mach-Zehnder interferometers in a glass substrate. An extensive study is carried out to determine the contribution of different components of the interferometer in its performance. Propagation properties of Mach-Zehnder interferometers, straight and S-shape waveguides, and Y-junctions are investigated.
Integrated Optics
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We present a novel design of two nano-scale plasmonic devices: a 2×2 directional coupler switch and a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The overall efficiency was 37% for the former one and 70% for the latter one.
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We theoretically investigate the thermoelectric properties of heat engines based on Mach-Zehnder interferometers. The energy dependence of the transmission amplitudes in such setups arises from a difference in the interferometer arm lengths. Any thermoelectric response is thus of purely quantum mechanical origin. In addition to an experimentally established three-terminal setup, we also consider a two-terminal geometry as well as a four-terminal setup consisting of two interferometers. We find that Mach-Zehnder interferometers can be used as powerful and efficient heat engines which perform well under realistic conditions.
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A relatively simple method is described for adjustment of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer for parallel image planes and for white light fringes. Auxiliary apparatus required consists of one plane mirror and one pinhole, which may be incorporated as permanent parts of the interferometer.
Pinhole (optics)
Interferometric visibility
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Citations (19)
Ultrasonic Lamb waves have been extensively investigated for non-destructive testing of materials. Embedded or surface bonded optical fiber, acting as the signal arm of a Mach- Zehnder interferometer, is one method previously utilized to detect the Lamb waves. Optical fibers therefore have potential as permanent sensors for structural monitoring of damage and defects in materials. A greater understanding of the ultrasound interaction with the optical fiber sensor will bring application closer. In order to probe this interaction we built a two channel interferometer allowing ultrasound traveling through a material to be monitored simultaneously by a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and also a Michelson interferometer. The Michelson interferometer allows a non- constat measurement to be made of the absolute surface displacement associated with an ultrasonic Lamb wave. Comparison of the ultrasound signals detected by the two different interferometers provides a greater insight into the detection mechanism and sensitivity of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The work is then extended to look at embedded fibers in composite materials and damage detection.
Interferometric visibility
SIGNAL (programming language)
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We report the realization of a three-path Mach-Zehnder interferometer using single-mode fibers and two integrated 3 x 3 fiber couplers. We observed enhanced phase sensitivity, as compared with two-path interferometers, with a visibility of the interference pattern of more than 97%. This interferometer has an analog in two-photon interferometry, and we believe it to be the first nontrivial example of N x N multiport interferometers.
Interferometric visibility
Visibility
Optical path
Optical path length
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We report the fabrication and the characterization of an integrated optofluidic Mach–Zehnder interferometer based on liquid core waveguides. The light is confined inside a low refractive index liquid core by antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide. Several asymmetric Mach–Zehnder interferometers have been realized with standard silicon technology. An optical characterization of the devices has been carried out by measuring the spectrum of optical transmitted intensity from two different Mach–Zehnder configurations. The results show that interferometers with a good visibility can be achieved in good agreement with the theoretical results.
Waveguide
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Two optical fiber Mach–Zehnder interferometers were constructed in an environment with a temperature stabilization of better than 1 mK per day. One interferometer with a length of 2 m optical fiber in each arm with the main direction of the arms parallel to each other. A path (length 175 mm) filled with atmospheric air is inserted in one arm. Another interferometer with a length of 2 m optical fiber in each parallel arm acts as a control. In one of the arms in each interferometer, 1 m of fiber was wound around a ring made of piezo material enabling the control of the length of the arms by means of a voltage. The influence of rotation of the interferometers at the Earth's surface on the observed phase differences was determined. For one interferometer (with the air path) it was found that the phase difference depends on the azimuth of the interferometer. For the other one no relevant dependence on the azimuth has been measured.
Interferometric visibility
Optical path length
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