Traditional Medicine in Turkey III. Folk Medicine in East Anatolia, Van and Bitlis Provinces
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Abstract:
A field survey of traditional medicine in Turkey, specifically medicinal plants in East-Anatolia (Van-Bitlis Provinces), is discussed. Interviews with inhabitants, elder people, traditional practitioners and eyh (semi-religious persons) were conducted to determine the vernacular names of plants used as medicine. The plants were all taxonomically identified, and their medicinal uses and administration routes are listed. The use of medicinal plants is usually the first choice of treatment among the rural people in this region.Keywords:
Field survey
Liu Shipei was one of scholars who earliest advocated that classical style of writing and writings in the vernacucar come into one.He began with the standpoint of enlightening education,pointed out that running a newspaper and teaching in the vernacular,and stated the historical inevitability that the vernacular came into writings using Darwinism which comes from the West as theoretical weapon.And also he had written a lot of writings in the vernacular by himself,becoming the first signs of the Writings in the Vernacular Movement in the May 4th Period actually and making a great effect in the beginning of the construction of modern writings in the vernacular in China.
Classical Chinese
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Professor Zhao Yuanren,agreat pioneer in the modern vernacular campaign,made great contributions to the vernacular Chinese.He worked with Hu Shi in the advocacy of the vernacular Chinese,wrote poems in vernacular standards,composed music for vernacular free verse,translated vernacular works and even staged vernacular plays.Thus his great efforts and contributions can not be ignored in the modern vernacular campaign.
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Taking the Santaishangzai vernacular castle in Minqing County of Fujian Province for example, the causes of formation and style features of vernacular castles in Minqing County are discussed emphatically; and comparisons between castles and other local vernacular architectures are also made. It is shown that the vernacular castles have artistic charms.
Vernacular Architecture
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Traditional knowledge (TK) of medicinal plants in cities has been poorly studied across different inhabitants' socioeconomic sectors. We studied the small city of Chachapoyas (~34,000 inhabitants) in the northern Peruvian Andes. We divided the city into three areas according to the socio-economic characteristics of its inhabitants: city center (high), intermediate area (medium), and city periphery (low). We gathered information with 450 participants through semi-structured interviews. Participants of the city periphery showed a higher TK of medicinal plants than participants of the intermediate area, and the latter showed a higher TK than participants of the city center. The acquisition of medicinal plants was mainly through their purchase in markets across the three areas, although it was particularly relevant in the city center (94%). Participants of all socioeconomic levels widely used the same medicinal plants for similar purposes in Chachapoyas, which is likely based on a common Andean culture that unites their TK. However, participants with the lowest socioeconomic level knew and used more plants for different medicinal uses, indicating the necessity of these plants for their livelihoods. City markets with specialized stores that commercialize medicinal plants are key to preserve the good health of poor and rich people living in Andean cities and societies.
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In the past the common practice of tracing the historical origin of modern vernacular Chinese shaped in the period of the May 4th Movement was to probe to the ancient times and look into Late Qing Dynasty.The vernacular writings issued and published by the government had much more influence and higher position than those by the ordinary people.The large number of vernacular official notices and Shengyu Guangxun written in the vernacular not only became the stronge foundation of the vernacular movement in Late Qing Dynasty but also cited continuelly by the governement and the people as an efficient resource.
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Taddeo Alderotti’s Libellus conservande sanitatis can be found in several manuscripts, both in Latin and in vernacular. It is generally maintained that Alderotti wrote the text in vernacular and later translated it himself into Latin. This study lists the manuscripts, adding new findings and distinguishing three different vernacular versions. In the light of a close comparison, it argues that it is more likely that the Latin text is the original one, and that it was not translated into vernacular by its author. Finally, it analyses the texts transcribed alongside the three vernacular versions, in order to show their various adaptations of Alderotti’s work.
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This thesis looks at the identification of positive vernacular orientation in the Talysh community of the city of Sumgayit, Azerbaijan, for the purpose of gaining a greater understanding of its causes. Positive vernacular orientation is described in three areas of sociolinguistic behaviour: patterns of vernacular language use, vernacular language proficiency and frequency of vernacular-speaking individuals in social networks. Variation in vernacular orientation is shown to pattern itself according to differences in generation and time of arrival or birth in Sumgayit.
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During the birth process of modern vernacular language system, the traditional vernacular and classical Chinese, as compositional elements, had undergone a process of spiral ascension and finally became modern The modern features of vernacular style do not lie in the disputing “vernacular per se but lie in the “process of becoming vernacular.
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