Changes in evaporation rate and vapor pressure of gasoline with progress of evaporation
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Fraction (chemistry)
Flash point
Mass fraction
Flash evaporation
Fraction (chemistry)
Flash point
Mass fraction
Flash evaporation
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The evaporation paths in a system of three single‐compound phases in equilibrium were calculated using a phase diagram approach assuming the evaporation rate proportional to the compound's vapor pressure and molecular weight. The variation with time of the weight of the individual phases was linear, while the weight fraction was not. The approach allowed a simple calculation of the fraction of remaining compounds after one of them was exhausted during the evaporation and a convenient graphical illustration of the importance of the relative vapor pressures.
Fraction (chemistry)
Mass fraction
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With increased requirement for sulfur mass content in gasoline,a higher requirement for online detection method of sulfur mass fraction in gasoline is put forward.The detailed requiremenst for sulfur mass fraction in latest standards for motor gasoline are introduced.The measuring principles,test range and advantages/disadvantages of common detection methods for total sulfur mass content in gasoline are expounded.Application of chromatographic method with flame photometric detector(FPD)in total sulfur mass fraction detection is stressed with one gasoline hydrogenation and desulfur unit as example. The practical application result is good with meeting fast response speed and accuracy requirements.It is more suitable for online detection of low mass fraction sulfur content gasoline.
Fraction (chemistry)
Mass fraction
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Flash evaporation technology is widely used in desalination of seawater and ocean thermal power generation.Mass fraction of solution,feed salt solution temperature and flash evaporation pressure have great influence on the flash evaporation rate and thermal efficiency.Within the range of salt mass fraction from 3.5% to 20%,feed salt solution temperature from 30℃ to 95℃,and flash evaporation pressure from 1 to 30 kPa,flash evaporation efficiency characteristics of flash evaporation rate and thermal efficiency were calculated and analyzed.The influences of salt mass fraction,feed salt solution temperature and flash evaporation pressure on the efficiency characteristics were discussed.The results showed that the flash evaporation rate and thermal efficiency were increased with the decrease of salt mass fraction.The flash evaporation rate and thermal efficiency were increased with the increase of feed salt solution temperature.However,the decrease of flash evaporation pressure can increase the flash evaporation rate and thermal efficiency.Salt mass fraction and thermal loss were increased with the increase of feed salt solution temperature.
Flash evaporation
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Fraction (chemistry)
Mole fraction
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ABSTRACT A substantial desulphurisation of an 80-180°C gasoline fraction obtained from a partially, thermally cracked naphtha was possible by the use of a high iron clay. The operation was carried out by the contact of the gasoline vapours with a fixed-bed of the clay in a laboratory assembled quartz tube reactor. It was possible to reduce the sulphur content of the gasoline fraction from 0.3 wt% to 0.03 wt% at a temperature of 600% and a space velocity of 1.0 h−1. Analysis of the clay samples are given and the results on its role in desulphurisation may point to some important practical potentials.
Naphtha
Fraction (chemistry)
Vapours
Mass fraction
Space velocity
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With Gansu Linze attapulgite clay as carrier,intermixed with the active component of iron,a decolorant used for FCC gasoline was prepared.The factors to affect FCC gasoline decoloration rate were investigated by orthogonal test,such as the mass fractions of H2SO4and active component,calcination temperature used in decolorant preparation,the decoloration conditions of decolorant amount and decoloration time.It was indicated that by using the attapulgite clay decolorant prepared at the calcination temperature of 600℃,H2SO4mass fraction of 6%,active component mass fraction of 4%,and under the decoloration conditions of 16 g decolorant mass,80 min and gasoline/decolorant mass ratio of 5,a decoloration rate of 96.94% for FCC gasoline could be obtained by one through,and when gasoline/decolorant mass ratio was 25,the decoloration rate was 80.06%.
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Fraction (chemistry)
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Vapor quality in static flash evaporation was studied experimentally,using aqueous solution of NaCl at a mass fraction range of 5%—26%,an initial temperature range of 74—104℃,an initial aqueous solution height range of 0.1—0.3m,and a superheated range of 0.79—42K.The results showed that increasing concentration of aqueous NaCl solution reduced the vapor quality at a given initial solution temperature and a final equilibrium flash chamber pressure.The effect of concentration became weak at a given superheat(ΔT)and the same aqueous solution height.Vapor quality increased with increasing initial aqueous solution height,but at the same time,vapor quality produced by per unit mass of aqueous NaCl solution decreased.Vapor quality increased linearly with increasing superheat.Based on the experimental results,the dimensionless correlation for vapor quality in static flash evaporation was established.
Mass fraction
Flash evaporation
Dimensionless quantity
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A method is presented for obtaining vapor pressures over the temperature range of interest in engine lubrication (300–500 F). The determination is based on the saturation efficiency of an air stream and the relationship between vapor pressure and evaporation loss. All data required are readily obtained from the ASTM Evaporation Test Method D 972-56 which is already used in connection with the evaporation loss specification of turbo oils. In addition to vapor pressure, the method is also used to estimate the flash point of these same lubricants.
Flash point
Flash evaporation
Saturation (graph theory)
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In this paper, based on a two-parameter distribution model, a method is presented to predict complete property distributions for molecular weight, boiling point, specific gravity, and refractive index of a C7+ fraction. Only three mixture bulk properties such as molecular weight, specific gravity, and refractive index are needed for this technique. If a distillation (TBP) analysis for the fraction is available, then only two bulk properties such as molecular weight and specific gravity (or refractive index) are sufficient. Predicted distributions for various properties are compared with experimental data of some 48 crude samples. The method is also applied for flash vaporization of a Russian crude oil, and predicted distributions for feed, vapor, and liquid streams are compared with actual data. Splitting and lumping schemes of petroleum fractions using the proposed distribution model are also presented by two different aproaches with detailed computational procedures.
Fraction (chemistry)
Boiling point
Specific gravity
Mass fraction
Vaporization
Flash evaporation
Flash point
Molar mass distribution
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