The therapeutic possibilities of surgical bio-engineering in incomplete spinal cord lesions
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Multiple sclerosis is a multifactorial and heterogeneous neurological disease; hence, several experimental animal models had to be developed to mimic the different features of human pathology. Three main classes of animal models have been developed: experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), cuprizone intoxication, and Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) infection. The EAE model is the most versatile as it allows the reproduction of different patterns of multiple sclerosis; it is mostly relevant for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and has allowed the development of several first-line, disease-modifying drugs for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. The other two models are less flexible than the EAE model and, to date, have not led to the discovery of any clinically relevant therapies. The cuprizone model mostly mimics the acute and chronic courses of multiple sclerosis, and it may represent a useful tool to develop novel therapies to protect oligodendrocytes and stimulate remyelination. Finally, the TMEV infection is the reference model to specifically study viral-mediated mechanisms of acute and primary progressive multiple sclerosis.
Remyelination
Encephalomyelitis
Demyelinating disease
Animal model
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Neuroradiology
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Background: There is a growing need for biomarkers that can help in early diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and in recognizing patients with MS activity.Moreover, many studies are recently focusing on biomarkers that may help in diagnosis of the transition from relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS).Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are now considered promising biomarkers.Objectives: Studying the role of plasma miRNA-145 and miRNA-484 in the diagnosis of MS, disease activity and in diagnosing the transition from RRMS to SPMS.Patients and Methods: Forty-six subjects of both sexes were included, 31 patients with MS )21 with RRMS, 8 with SPMS and Two patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS)) and 15 healthy controls.Expression analysis of plasma miRNAs; miR-145 and miR-484 were assessed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) after miRNA extraction.Results: MicroRNAs 145 and 484 could significantly discriminate between MS cases and controls, with best cut-off values > 0.6 and > 1.7 respectively.They could also significantly discriminate between active and inactive MS cases, with best cut-off values > 0.8 and > 2 respectively.Plasma miRNA-145 could discriminate between RRMS and SPMS cases, with best cut-off value ≤1.4.Conclusion: Plasma miRNAs 145 and 484 might be used as promising biomarkers for early diagnosis of MS and in diagnosis of disease activity.Plasma miRNA-145 could be also helpful in diagnosis of the transition from RRMS to SPMS.
Relapsing remitting
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Multiple sclerosis is a disorder of the immune system that is caused by a malfunction of our body defenses. In multiple sclerosis, healthy cells of the nervous system are destroyed, and this leads to many health problems, like paralysis. Multiple sclerosis affects a lot of people worldwide. Treatments exist but are still not entirely efficient and do not work for all patients. Many researchers are studying this disease and our group is focusing on specific cells of the immune system that might be playing a role in multiple sclerosis.
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Objective:Investigate the mechanism of blood spinal cord barrier disruption after spinal cord injury.Method:Thirty five male adult Wistar rats(300～350g) were randomly assigned to this study,there were one control group and six spinal cord injury groups(acording to the time of post injury,4h,6h,12h,24h,48h and 72h).Each group contained 5 rats and New York University (NYU) Spinal Cord Injury Model was utilized to create the spinal cord injury.The immunoexpressior changes of immunglobularprotein G(IgG),c fragment of complement3 (C3c) in different time after spinal cord injury were evaluated utilizing immunohistochemistry method.Result:After spinal cord injury, there was a marked chang in the immunoexpressior of IgG and C3c in the impact site, near the impact site and spinal cord microvascular.Conclusion:After spinal cord injury,IgG and C3c may be important factors of barrier disruption and related to neuron secondary injury.
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Study on pathological diagnosis of pathological changes of 457 patients with atypical squamous cells
Objective To discuss the pathological diagnosis of pathological changes.Methods The 457 patients with pathological changes of cervical atypical squamous cells were further investigated by colposcope and multiple cervical biopsies for pathological analysis.Results The rates of cervical epitheilial neoplasma II(CINⅡ) of ASC-US and ASC-H were 8.15%(34/417) and 35%(14/40),showing significant defferences between the two groups(P0.01).Conclusion Pathological analysis be carried out for early diagnosis of cervical epithelial neoplams.
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Neuroradiology
Clinical neurology
Optic neuritis
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Objective To investigate the expression changes of CD44 in spinal cord in 3d,7d and 14d following hemisection of spinal cord injury(hSCI).Furthermore,to explore the relationships of CD44 and spinal cord injury.Besides,to offer the morphological datum for the research concerning the spinal cord repair.Methods 20 adult healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham-operated control group and day3,day7,day14 spinal cord injury groups.The spinal cords were hemisected between T9 and T10.The spinal cord of every rat was taken out from the rostral and caudal segments of lesioned areas.Then the tissue blocks were made into 25μm frozen sections and the immunohistochemistry ABC method was performed on these sections.We respectively observe and count the number of CD44 positive cells in spinal cord for all groups,and the average OD(optical density) value of immunoreactant were detected with computer image analysis technique.Results CD44 positive products were mainly distributed in extacellular matrix and neurons and neuroglial cells in spinal cord for the control group.The number of CD44 positive cells and its OD value of rostral or caudal part of injury site for the three spinal cord injury groups were all increased(P0.05).Conclusion The increased-expression CD44 may mutually play inhibitory effect on axon regeneration following SCI.
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Reports on fatty acids levels in multiple sclerosis remain inconclusive.To determine the erythrocyte membrane fatty acid levels in multiple sclerosis patients and correlate with Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale.Fatty acid composition of 31 multiple sclerosis and 30 control individuals were measured by gas chromatography.The membrane phosphatidylcholine C20:4n - 6 concentration was lower in the multiple sclerosis patients when compared to that of the control group, P = 0.04 and it correlated inversely with the EDSS and FSS.Decrease in C20:4n - 6 in the erythrocyte membrane could be an indication of depleted plasma stores, and a reflection of disease severity.
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