Study of blood-spinal cord barrier disruption after spinal cord injury in rats
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Objective:Investigate the mechanism of blood spinal cord barrier disruption after spinal cord injury.Method:Thirty five male adult Wistar rats(300～350g) were randomly assigned to this study,there were one control group and six spinal cord injury groups(acording to the time of post injury,4h,6h,12h,24h,48h and 72h).Each group contained 5 rats and New York University (NYU) Spinal Cord Injury Model was utilized to create the spinal cord injury.The immunoexpressior changes of immunglobularprotein G(IgG),c fragment of complement3 (C3c) in different time after spinal cord injury were evaluated utilizing immunohistochemistry method.Result:After spinal cord injury, there was a marked chang in the immunoexpressior of IgG and C3c in the impact site, near the impact site and spinal cord microvascular.Conclusion:After spinal cord injury,IgG and C3c may be important factors of barrier disruption and related to neuron secondary injury.Topics:
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Objective:To observe relationship and significance of changes in the expression and the level of Caspase-8 in the tissue and blood plasma after rat spinal cord was acutely injured.Methods:Eighty-four Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven groups with 12 in each group,and one group was used as control group and the 6 others were prepared into acute spinal cord injury models,as 0h,6h,12h,24h,48h and 72h injury groups.The caspase-8 value in the tissue and blood plasma at different time points was detected after spinal cord injury by applying immunohistochemical method and ELISA.Results:Soon after acute spinal cord injury,the tissue and blood plasma Caspase-8 showed the positive expression,at 24h-48h,the Caspase-8 expression in the tissue and blood plasma reached a peak,at and 72h after injury began to decrease but still higher than that of the normal control group.Conclusion:At the early stage of the spinal cord injury,the Caspase-8 expression in the tissue and blood plasma is significantly increased,with a corresponding relation to time,which will help the selection of the opportunity of the clinic intervention in acute spinal cord injury .
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Objective To investigate the expression of cysteinyl aspartate specific protease-1(caspase-1) after acute spinal cord injury in rats and its significance.Methods Totally 36 healthy adult SD rats were randomly divided into the injury group and the control group.Each group was further divided into 3 time points: 8h,3d and 7d,6 rats were sacrificed at each time point.The control group only underwent T8 and T9 laminectomy without injury.In the injury group the model of acute spinal cord injury was induced with Nystrom's method.The spinal cord was dissected for morphological study by HE staining and the expression of caspase-1 at each time point was detected by immunohistochemical method.Results The low expression of caspase-1 was observed in the control group.The expression of caspase-1 was higher in the spinal cord injury group than in the control group at 8h,went on increasing and peaked at 3d,and slightly decreased at 7d.The level of caspase-1 in the spinal cord injury group was obviously higher than that in the control group at each time point(P0.01).Conclusion The expression of caspase-1 increases quickly after acute spinal cord injury,which may play an important role in the pathogenesis of acute spinal cord injury.
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The use of human umbilical cord blood (hUCB)—a rich source of nonembryonic or adult stem cells—has recently been reported to ameliorate behavioral consequences of stroke. In this study, we tested whether human cord blood leukocytes also ameliorate behavioral impairments of spinal cord injury. Rats were divided into five groups: (1) laminectomy (without spinal cord injury) only; (2) laminectomy + cord blood infusion; (3) spinal cord injury + cord blood infused 1 day post injury; (4) spinal cord injury + cord blood infused 5 days post injury; and (5) spinal cord injury only. Spinal cord injury was induced by compressing the spinal cord for 1 min with an aneurysm clip calibrated to a closing pressure of 55 g. Open-field behavior was assessed 1, 2, and 3 weeks after intravenous injection of prelabeled human cord blood cells. Open-field test scores of spinal cord injured rats treated with human cord blood at 5 days were significantly improved as compared to scores of rats similarly injured but treated at day 1 as well as the otherwise untreated injured group. The results suggest that cord blood stem cells are beneficial in reversing the behavioral effects of spinal cord injury, even when infused 5 days after injury. Human cord blood-derived cells were observed in injured areas, but not in noninjured areas, of rat spinal cords, and were never seen in corresponding areas of spinal cord of noninjured animals. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that cord blood-derived stem cells migrate to and participate in the healing of neurological defects caused by traumatic assault.
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Objective:To observe the expression of heat shock protein 70(HSP70) in rats with acute spinal cord injury.Methods:Fifty-six Wistar rats were randomly divided into 7 groups.Six groups were prepared into acute spinal cord injury models and the other group was used as control.The animal models of spinal cord injury were established at 2h,6h,12h,24h,48h and 72h respectively after injury.The HSP 70 expression in the spinal cord from each group at different time points was studied by method of west-blot.Results:The expression of HSP70 was already found at 2h after the spinal cord injury,reached the peak at 24h and lasted to the time point of 72h after injury.Conclusion:The HSP70 expression is the response of the body to stress.HSP70 is obviously increased in the gray nucleus of the spinal cord from 2h to 72 h after acute injury.HSP 70 may play a role in the prevention of the spinal cord from secondary lesion.
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Objective To investigate the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) and its effect on the recovery of hind limb function after spinal cord injury(SCI) in rats.Methods Thirty rats were randomly divided into blank control group(n=5) and injury group(n=25).Spinal cord was injured with Allen's weight dropping model,and each rat received contusion on its spinal cord at T9 with modified Allen's impactor.The motor function was evaluated by the Basso,Beattie Bresnahanlocomotor rating scale(BBB scale).The expression of GFAP was measured by immunohistochemical staining and imaging analysis.Results Based on BBB scale,there was about 68%of selfrecovery rate of hind limb function of the injured rats.GFAP was expressed in every part of spinal cord in blank control group,and was increased with time in the injured area 1,3,5 d after spinal cord injury in injury group,then was decreased with time 5 d after injury,and was decreased to normal level 2 weeks after injury(P0.05).Conclusion There was a tendency of self-repairing after spinal cord injury.Reactive astrogliosis may play an important role in self-repairing and regeneration after spinal cord injury
Astrogliosis
Hindlimb
Glial scar
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Objective To investigate the expression and significance of Slit2 in different time point after the spinal cord injury of rats.MethodSeventy adult wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: spinal cord injury by fully transection on T10 level spinal cord (Group A); laminectomy and the spinal cord uninjuried (Group B); natural without operation (Group C).Then the rats were sacrificed and the spinal cord was taken out fresh quickly on different time-point(12h, 1, 3, 5, 7d after operation). The tissues perfusion by formaldehyde were taken out on 3, 5, 7, 14d after operation. The expressions of Slit2 were tested by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemical measurement. By means of above,the author investigated the expressions and location of Slit2 after the spinal cord injury.All data were statisticsed by SPSS 11.5 software.ResultThe expression of Slit2 mRNA of appeared in the spinal cord tissue 12 hours after injury, reached peak on the 3rd day, declining gradually later. The positive expression of Slit2 located in the cytoplast on oligodendrocyte and astrocyte.The positive cells were found at 3d after spinal cord injury, reached peak on 7d after injury, declining after 14d. The change of Slit2 was correlative with the rehabilitation and regeneration of the axon on the forepart period.ConclusionAs an important factor in axonal growth-guidance,the author crewed that Slit2 may be participated in the regeneration and rehabilitation of axons after the spinal cord injury.
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Objectiver To study the effect of TRH analogue, YM-14673, on spinal cord edema after spinalcord injury in rat. Methods The models of spinal cord injury in rat were built by Allen's method. And the rat weredivided into three group: normal, treated, and contrast. The rat in the treated group were injected with YM-14673.The water content in spinal cord were measured with weighting which formula is: (wet weight-dry weight)÷wetweight×100%. Results The spinal cord edema in treated group decreased significantly after the spinal cord injury.Conclusions The early use of TRH analogae, YM-14673 can decrease the spinal cord edema after spinal cord inju-ry.
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Objective: To research the changes of the expressions of cysteine asparate protease-3 (caspase-3) and nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in spinal cord and urogenital system of SD rats with spinal cord injury. Method: Sixteen male SD rats of clean grade, age 6 weeks, were selected and randomized into spinal cord injury group (n=8) and control group (n=8). Rats in spinal cord injury group were crashed at T9-T10 vertebra to cause spinal cord incomplete injury models using modified Allen′s method, while only laminectomy without crash was administered in control group. The injured spinal cord segment, bladder and the middle part of penis were taken for analysis, and contrasted with control rats. Caspase-3 and nNOS positive cells were marked with immunohistochemistry technique, and the results were evaluated with semiquantitative analysis. Result: After injuries, the expressions of caspase-3 and nNOS increased significantly in spinal cord (P0.001); in bladder wall and penis, caspase-3 expressed much more(P0.001), but nNOS positive neurons and fibers decreased dramatically(P0.001). Conclusion: There were great changes in expressions of caspase-3 and nNOS in spinal cord, bladder and penis of rats after spinal cord injury with different mechanism.
Urination
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