Too Fat to Fly? New Brain Circuits Regulate Obesity in Drosophila
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Energy homeostasis
Biological neural network
Energy homeostasis
Homeostasis
Peripheral Nervous System
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Three new species of the Drosophila tripunctata group are described and illustrated. These new species were captured using plastic bottles containing pieces of fermented banana with yeast. The collections were from Napo Province, Ecuador at 2 200 m and 3 362 m above sea level. The new species are: Drosophila napoensis sp. nov., Drosophila cuyuja sp. nov. and Drosophila quijos sp. nov. The first two species belong to subgroup I and the latter species belong to subgroup III of the Drosophila tripunctata group.
Species groups
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Energy homeostasis
Homeostasis
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Eight new species of the genus Drosophila are described and illustrated: Drosophila kingmani sp. nov., Drosophila malacatus sp. nov., Drosophila millmasapa sp. nov., Drosophila pichka sp. nov., Drosophila rusaryu sp. nov., Drosophila shunku sp. nov., Drosophila shunkuku sp. nov. and Drosophila taki sp. nov. These species were collected in the cloud forests of Podocarpus National Park in the southern Ecuadorian Andes. The flies were captured using plastic bottles containing pieces of fermented banana with yeast.
Drosophila Suzukii
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Energetics
Specific dynamic action
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The picture wing species group of Hawaiian Drosophila is the only one to be relatively well known taxonomically, butspecies continue to be discovered. Here seven new species are described: Drosophila kikiko new species, Drosophila ki-noole new species, Drosophila moli new species, Drosophila nukea new species, Drosophila opuhe new species, Dros-ophila pihulu new species, and Drosophila pilipa new species. In addition, the male of Drosophila oreas Hardy isdescribed for the first time, and Drosophila virgulata Hardy & Kaneshiro is reduced to a new junior synonym of Dros-ophila lanaiensis Grimshaw, and the status of the latter and Drosophila ciliaticrus Hardy is clarified. A complete key to all the picture wing species is provided.
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Abstract Flow cytometry estimates of genome sizes among species of Drosophila show a 3-fold variation, ranging from ∼127 Mb in Drosophila mercatorum to ∼400 Mb in Drosophila cyrtoloma. However, the assembled portion of the Muller F element (orthologous to the fourth chromosome in Drosophila melanogaster) shows a nearly 14-fold variation in size, ranging from ∼1.3 Mb to >18 Mb. Here, we present chromosome-level long-read genome assemblies for 4 Drosophila species with expanded F elements ranging in size from 2.3 to 20.5 Mb. Each Muller element is present as a single scaffold in each assembly. These assemblies will enable new insights into the evolutionary causes and consequences of chromosome size expansion.
Genome size
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Fur alle vor 1956 beschriebenen palearktischen Drosophilidae-Arten ist das Typenmaterial, sein Aufbewahrungsort und seine Bezettelung aufgelistet. Lectotypen sind festgelegt, soweit das zweckmasig ist. Nomenklatorische Handlungenformosus (Loew, 1864) (Acletoxenus), Lectotype described as Gitona formosusindagator Loew, 1858 (Cacoxenus), Lectotypeperspicax (Knab, 1914) (Cacoxenus), Lectotype described as Gitonides perspicaxdistincta (Egger, 1862) (Chymomyza), Lectotype described as Drosophilaobscura (de Meijere, 1911) (Chymomyza), Lectotype described as Amphoroneura obscuraoldenbergi Duda, 1934 (Chymomyza), Lectotypepictipes (de Meijere, 1911) (Dettopsomyia), Lectotype described as Drosophila pictipesadspersa Mik, 1886 (Drosophila), Lectotypealboralis Momma & Takada, 1954 (Drosophila), Lectotypeapproximata Zetterstedt, 1847 (Drosophila), Lectotypebusckii Coquillett, 1901 (Drosophila), Lectotypecameraria Haliday, 1833 (Drosophila), Lectotypecinerella Fallen, 1823 (Drosophila), Lectotypefasciata Meigen, 1820 (Drosophila), Lectotypefenestrarum Fallen, 1823 (Drosophila), Lectotypegrischuna Burla, 1951 (Drosophila), Lectotypekuntzei Duda, 1924 (Drosophila), Lectotypelaeta Zetterstedt, 1847 (Drosophila), Lectotypelatestriata Becker, 1908 (Drosophila), Lectotypelimbata van Roser, 1840 (Drosophila), Lectotypeobscura Fallen, 1823 (Drosophila), Lectotypeoldenbergi Duda, 1924 (Drosophila), Lectotypephalerata Meigen, 1830 (Drosophila), Lectotypepilosula Becker, 1908 (Drosophila), Lectotypeprorepleta Duda, 1925 (Drosophila), Lectotyperubrostriata Becker, 1908 (Drosophila), Lectotyperuficeps von Roser, 1840 (Drosophila), Lectotyperufifrons Loew, 1873 (Drosophila), Lectotypeschmidti Duda, 1924 (Drosophila), Lectotypetestacea von Roser, 1840 (Drosophila), Lectotypetransversa Fallen, 1823 (Drosophila), Lectotypetsigana Burla & Gloor, 1952 (Drosophila), Lectotypeuvarum Rondani, 1875 (Drosophila), Lectotypeversicolor Mather, 1955 (Drosophila), Lectotypevirginea Meigen, 1830 (Drosophila), Lectotypebeckeri (Duda, 1924) (Gitona), Lectotype described as drosophila beckeriinterrupta Duda, 1924 (Leucophenga), Lectotypequadripunctata (de Meijere, 1908) (Leucophenga), Lectotype described as Drosophila quadripunctatasubpollinosa (de Meijere, 1914) (Leucophenga), Lectotype described as Drosophila subpollinosanitida Duda, 1922 (Liodrosophila), Lectotypecongesta (Zetterstedt, 1847) (Microdrosophila), Lectotype described as Drosophila congestanigriventris (Zetterstedt, 1847) (Microdrosophila), Lectotype described as Drosophila nigriventrisgratiosa (de Meijere, 1911) (Mycodrosophila), Lectotype described as Drosophila gratiosaamoena (Meigen, 1838) (Scaptomyza), Lectotype described as Hydrellia amoenadisticha (Duda, 1921) (Scaptomyza), Lectotype described as Drosophila distichaflavipennis (Zetterstedt, 1838) (Scaptomyza), Lectotype described as Drosophila flavipennisgraminum (Fallen, 1823) (Scaptomyza), Lectotype described as Drosophila graminumimpunctata (Frey, 1945) (Scaptomyza), Lectotype described as Scaptomyzella impunctataincana (Meigen, 1830) (Scaptomyza), Lectotype described as Drosophila incanapallida (Zetterstedt, 1847) (Scaptomyza), Lectotype described as Drosophila pallidarufipes (Meigen, 1830) (Scaptomyza), Lectotype described as Drosophila rufipessordida (Zetterstedt, 1838) (Scaptomyza), Lectotype described as Drosophila sordidacurvipennis (Fallen, 1823) (Stegana), Lectotype described as Drosophila curvipennisfurta (Linnaeus, 1766) (Stegana), Lectotype described as Musca furtanigrifrons (de Meijere, 1911) (Stegana), Lectotype
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There are increasing evidences to show that central nervous system is involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Energy intake is usually matched to energy expenditure over a period of time. Obesity occurs when the amount of energy intake (or food intake) is more than the energy expenditure. Because of the enormous tolls on human health taken by obesity and related disorders, an improved understanding of the control of food intake is an important priority. The aim of this article is to briefly review the advances in recent years on long-term maintenance of energy homeostasis and the role of central nervous system. In the present review, the following contents are included: (1) satiety and its production, (2) adiposity signals and the regulation of food intake, (3) nuclei in central nervous system involved in food intake, (4) the first- and the second-order neuronal signaling in hypothalamus on control of food intake and (5) clinic implications.
Energy homeostasis
Homeostasis
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