Long-read genome assemblies for the study of chromosome expansion: Drosophila kikkawai, Drosophila takahashii, Drosophila bipectinata, and Drosophila ananassae
Wilson LeungNicole S. TorosinWeihuan CaoLaura K. ReedCindy ArrigoSarah C. R. ElginChristopher E. Ellison
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Abstract Flow cytometry estimates of genome sizes among species of Drosophila show a 3-fold variation, ranging from ∼127 Mb in Drosophila mercatorum to ∼400 Mb in Drosophila cyrtoloma. However, the assembled portion of the Muller F element (orthologous to the fourth chromosome in Drosophila melanogaster) shows a nearly 14-fold variation in size, ranging from ∼1.3 Mb to >18 Mb. Here, we present chromosome-level long-read genome assemblies for 4 Drosophila species with expanded F elements ranging in size from 2.3 to 20.5 Mb. Each Muller element is present as a single scaffold in each assembly. These assemblies will enable new insights into the evolutionary causes and consequences of chromosome size expansion.Keywords:
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Abstract Cuticle pigmentation was shown to be associated with body temperature for several relatively large species of insects, but it was questioned for small insects. Here we used a thermal camera to assess the association between drosophilid cuticle pigmentation and body temperature increase when individuals are exposed to light. We compared mutants of large effects within species ( Drosophila melanogaster ebony and yellow mutants). Then we analyzed the impact of naturally occurring pigmentation variation within species complexes ( Drosophila americana/Drosophila novamexicana and Drosophila yakuba/Drosophila santomea ). Finally we analyzed lines of D. melanogaster with moderate differences in pigmentation. We found significant differences in temperatures for each of the four pairs we analyzed. The temperature differences appeared to be proportional to the differently pigmented area: between Drosophila melanogaster ebony and yellow mutants or between Drosophila americana and Drosophila novamexicana, for which the whole body is differently pigmented, the temperature difference was around 0.6 °C ± 0.2 °C. By contrast, between D. yakuba and D. santomea or between Drosophila melanogaster Dark and Pale lines, for which only the posterior abdomen is differentially pigmented, we detected a temperature difference of about 0.14 °C ± 0.10 °C. This strongly suggests that cuticle pigmentation has ecological implications in drosophilids regarding adaptation to environmental temperature.
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Journal Article Drosophila koepferae: a New Member of the Drosophila serido (Diptera: Drosophilidae) Superspecies Taxon Get access Antonio Fontdevila, Antonio Fontdevila 2Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Carles Pla, Carles Pla 2Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain.4Colegio Universitario de Girona, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Girona, Spain. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Esteban Hasson, Esteban Hasson 2Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain.5Departamento de Ciencias Biólogicas, Laboratorio de Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Marvin Wasserman, Marvin Wasserman 3Biology Department, Queens College, Flushing, N. Y. 11367. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Armand Sanchez, Armand Sanchez 2Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Horacio Naveira, Horacio Naveira 2Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Alfredo Ruiz Alfredo Ruiz 2Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Annals of the Entomological Society of America, Volume 81, Issue 3, 1 May 1988, Pages 380–385, https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/81.3.380 Published: 01 May 1988 Article history Received: 06 October 1986 Accepted: 02 November 1987 Published: 01 May 1988
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A new species from Mexico, Drosophila wassermani Pitnick &; Heed, is described, illustrated, and compared with three related species, all belonging to the D. nannoptera species group in the subgenus Drosophila of the Drosophilidae.
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Abstract Cuticle pigmentation has been clearly demonstrated to impact body temperature for several relatively large species of insects, but it was questioned for small insects. Here we used a thermal camera to assess the impact of drosophilid cuticle pigmentation on body temperature when individuals are exposed to light. We compared mutants of large effects within species ( Drosophila melanogaster ebony and yellow mutants). Then we analyzed the impact of naturally occurring pigmentation variation within species complexes ( Drosophila americana/Drosophila novamexicana and Drosophila yakuba/Drosophila santomea ). Finally we analyzed lines of D. melanogaster with moderate differences in pigmentation. We found significant differences in temperatures for each of the four pairs we analyzed. The temperature differences appeared to be proportional to the differently pigmented area: between Drosophila melanogaster ebony and yellow mutants or between Drosophila americana and Drosophila novamexicana , for which the whole body is differently pigmented, the difference in temperatures was around 0.6°C ±0.2°C. By contrast, between D. yakuba and D. santomea or between Drosophila melanogaster Dark and Pale lines, for which only the posterior abdomen is differentially pigmented, we detected a temperature difference of about 0.14°C ±0.10°C. This demonstrates that cuticle pigmentation has ecological implications in drosophilids regarding adaptation to environmental temperature.
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Three new species of the Drosophila tripunctata group are described and illustrated. These new species were captured using plastic bottles containing pieces of fermented banana with yeast. The collections were from Napo Province, Ecuador at 2 200 m and 3 362 m above sea level. The new species are: Drosophila napoensis sp. nov., Drosophila cuyuja sp. nov. and Drosophila quijos sp. nov. The first two species belong to subgroup I and the latter species belong to subgroup III of the Drosophila tripunctata group.
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The picture wing species group of Hawaiian Drosophila is the only one to be relatively well known taxonomically, butspecies continue to be discovered. Here seven new species are described: Drosophila kikiko new species, Drosophila ki-noole new species, Drosophila moli new species, Drosophila nukea new species, Drosophila opuhe new species, Dros-ophila pihulu new species, and Drosophila pilipa new species. In addition, the male of Drosophila oreas Hardy isdescribed for the first time, and Drosophila virgulata Hardy & Kaneshiro is reduced to a new junior synonym of Dros-ophila lanaiensis Grimshaw, and the status of the latter and Drosophila ciliaticrus Hardy is clarified. A complete key to all the picture wing species is provided.
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One species in the Drosophila flavopilosa species group and another in the Drosophila morelia species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae) are described and illustrated. The larvae of the flies in these groups develop exclusively in flowers and, usually, are rarely collected from rotten plant parts. However, in this case, these new species were not collected from flowers but were captured with fermented banana and yeast. It indicates that this species may be attracted to the odors of yeast fermentation and not only solanaceous flowers. The specimens were collected at 3362 m above sea level. There are four species of the Drosophila flavopilosa species group and one species of the Drosophila morelia species group previously described from Ecuador. The new species are: Drosophila pseudokorefae sp. nov. in the Drosophila flavopilosa species group and Drosophila pseudomorelia sp. nov. in the Drosophila morelia species group.
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