Oxidation and Opening of Well-Aligned Carbon Nanotube Tips
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We report here that well-aligned carbon nanotubes with open tips can be directly obtained by introducing carbon dioxide during the chemical vapor deposition process. In-situ oxidation of carbon nanotubes by carbon dioxide results in the strip off of nanotube tips, however, without damaging the nanotube alignment. Such oxidation of aligned nanotube arrays, whose tips are all on the array surface, is more efficient than the oxidation of disordered nanotubes. Aligned carbon nanotube arrays with open tips have potential applications in field emission, filter membrane, and energy storage.Keywords:
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We report here that well-aligned carbon nanotubes with open tips can be directly obtained by introducing carbon dioxide during the chemical vapor deposition process. In-situ oxidation of carbon nanotubes by carbon dioxide results in the strip off of nanotube tips, however, without damaging the nanotube alignment. Such oxidation of aligned nanotube arrays, whose tips are all on the array surface, is more efficient than the oxidation of disordered nanotubes. Aligned carbon nanotube arrays with open tips have potential applications in field emission, filter membrane, and energy storage.
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Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition, which enables growth of carbon nanotubes directly onto substrates, is potentially suitable for preparing carbon nanotubes as electron sources in field emission displays. In this article, we report the growth of aligned carbon nanotubes by microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition and investigate the effect of various parameters on the growth. Comparison among three catalysts (Fe, Co, and Ni) revealed that Fe gives the longest carbon nanotubes, while Co gives the carbon nanotubes with the smallest diameter. The growth of the carbon nanotubes strongly depends on the treatment time in the plasma. Field emission characteristics from the carbon nanotubes grown by the microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition are also shown.
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Films of carbon nanotubes are interesting for technical applications such as cold cathodes in field emission devices. We discuss experiments in which nanotube films are grown by a simple thermal chemical vapour deposition method from hydrocarbon molecules, employing the catalytic activity of deposited iron particles. Using an in situ catalyst preparation method starting from gaseous Fe(CO)5, films of vertically aligned and non-aligned multi-wall carbon nanotubes can be synthesised. Nanotube film growth is discussed as a function of the growth conditions. Steps towards the formation of horizontally aligned nanotube films and nanotube patterns are presented. Field emission measurements demonstrate the high electron emission efficiency of the as-grown films.
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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are molecular-scale tubes of graphitic carbon with outstanding properties. They are among the stiffest and strongest fibers known, and have remarkable electronic properties and many other unique characteristics. In our experiment, CNTs were synthesized using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition on the silicon wafer with patterned iron catalytic layer. If the catalyst is uniformly distributed, nanotubes grow everywhere on the substrate. If the catalyst is only located in certain areas (patterned), then nanotubes grow only in those areas. Iron catalytic layers with defined shapes and dimensions were prepared for carbon nanotubes growth. Various dimensions of these shapes were fabricated to monitor influence of catalytic layers. There were produced shapes from 100 nm to 10 µm dimensions. Freestanding carbon nanotubes were prepared in our experiment.
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The carbon nanotube film is grown by low press chemical vapor deposit (LPCVD) method after catalyst grains are introduced with ferro hydroxid sol. The variation of the concentration of catalyst grains versus the surface morphology of carbon nanotube film has been studied. When the distance between two nanotubes is from 200 nm to 500 nm, the threshold electric voltage is around 95 V for the best result in experiment. The electric field and the emission current of the top of carbon nanotube array have been computed using finite element analysis (software ANSYS 8.0), the results are matched with the experiment.
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The effects of growth time on synthesizing of carbon nanotubes were reported. Prepared different forms of carbon nanotubes on silicon substrates by local heating chemical vapor deposition. The results showed that most of carbon nanotubes grew out with small diameter (60-80nm) and thinner in the case of short growth time (30s); when the growth time increased to 10 min or even longer, most of carbon nanotubes had large diameter(over 500nm) and there were many small CNTs attached to the wall of big carbon nanotubes; long growth time (10min) carbon nanotubes had good performance on field emission current and stability, but the shorter growth time (30s) one was much worse.
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Abstract : The work was designed towards creating aligned multiwalled carbon nanotube arrays by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of xylene hydrocarbon precursor and simultaneous vapor phase delivery of catalyst particles. Low density nanotube arrays as well as highly dense pyrolitic carbon coated nanotube arrays were produced. The nanotube arrays could be grown to several hundreds of microns long. The simultaneous growth of nanotubes and densification of the aligned carbon nanotube (ACNT) films by carbon infiltration in the interstitial spaces between nanotubes were accomplished in a single step by the combination of the chemical vapor deposition and chemical vapor infiltration processes.
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A self-aligned thin-film deposition technique was developed to mechanically attach carbon nanotubes to surfaces for the fabrication of structurally robust nanotube-based nanomechanical devices. Single-walled carbon nanotubes were grown by thermal chemical-vapor deposition (CVD) across 150-nm-wide SiO2 trenches. The nanotubes were mechanically attached to the trench tops by selective silicon tetraacetate-based SiO2 CVD. No film was deposited on the nanotubes where they were suspended across the trenches.
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