Development of a comprehensive in‐line quality control system for printed circuit board assemblies
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Purpose To present an overview of the research and development carried out by an EC Framework 6 part funded consortium, known as MICROSCAN, for the implementation of an in‐line PCB inspection prototype system that is capable of offering comprehensive defect detection. Design/methodology/approach Four non‐destructive testing inspection modules based on digital radiography (X‐ray) inspection, thermal inspection, automated‐optical inspection and acoustic inspection have been integrated to form a combined inspection system. Findings A proof in principle in‐line PCB inspection system, utilising four different inspection techniques, has been developed and demonstrated. The system is based on a generic mechanical, electrical and software communications platform culminating in a flexible system that enables the inspection modules to be used separately, together or interchanged to give the best results in terms of inspection coverage and inspection throughput. Research limitations/implications In its current embodiment, the prototype is suited to inspection of high‐return PCBs, particularly those used in medical and aerospace products, rather than high‐throughput PCB production work. The X‐ray inspection module is the slowest inspection technique and combining four different inspection techniques reduces the inspection throughput of the whole system to that of the X‐ray inspection module. Further, trials and investigations need to be carried out to improve inspection throughput. Originality/value The novelty of the system is that it is the first time that four inspection techniques have been combined to give the capability of 100 per cent defect coverage.Keywords:
Automated optical inspection
Automated X-ray inspection
Visual inspection
Software inspection
Line (geometry)
Production line
This paper surveys publications, reports, and articles dealing with automated visual inspection for industry. The references are organized according to their contents: overview and discussions, rationales, components and design considerations, commercially available systems, applications. A number of applications and their inspection methodologies are discussed in detail: the inspection of printed circuit boards, photomasks, integrated circuit chips. Other inspection applications are listed as a bibliography. A list of selectively annotated references in commercially available visual inspection tools is also included.
Automated X-ray inspection
Visual inspection
Automated optical inspection
Photomask
Software inspection
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A roll of steel might have various defects of scratch, stains, and chisel mark after slitting process. However, the traditional steel surface inspection method is via the human inspection that not only takes amount of time but also causes inconsistent inspection consequences. As a result, this paper proposed an in-line visual inspection hardware and software system. The hardware is composed of upper and lower optical module. The defect inspection algorithm includes automatic region of interesting (ROI) searching and defect detection by using Sobel method. Experimentations revealed that the successful detection rate is up to 80% and the inspection speed of per image with 3K in width and 1K in length is less than 80 milliseconds. The contribution is that the proposed method can provide suitable inspection results of the steel surface defect and meet the steel industry demands.
Automated X-ray inspection
Visual inspection
Scratch
Automated optical inspection
Sobel operator
Machine Vision
Software inspection
Line (geometry)
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Visual inspection
Automated X-ray inspection
Automated optical inspection
Software inspection
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This paper presents the development of an automatic visual inspection machines for inspecting the soldering points (called as Bump) in a Flip- Chip component which is an important part of a hard disk drive (HDD). Image feature extraction is used to measure the interesting features such as bump area, bump ratio, and etc. from the X-ray input image. Accuracy of the proposed measuring system is verified by comparing with the measured value from the destructive inspection. Genetic Algorithm are used to detect the edge of bump. Experimental results show that our proposed developed inspection machine is effectively used for bump inspection. and etc. In the past decades, many immense developments in automatic visual inspection machines have been done and the results of those are used extensively in today's industrial process inspection. To inspect the physical shape of the component in HDD, mostly, a high resolution camera is used as a video capture device and the inspection is carried out by human. In some cases, X-ray camera is used instead of CCD camera for inspecting the component. The effectiveness of such inspection is mainly depended on the skill of inspector. Unfortunately, there are many problems caused by human inspection such as the unskilled inspectors, human errors, time consuming, and etc. To overcome these problems, this research aims to study and provide solutions to the primary problems in visual inspection. In this paper, we developed an automatic visual inspection machine for inspecting bumps in a Flip-Chip component. The developed machine enhances the visual inspection system and solves the significant problems caused by human inspection. The accuracy of the proposed technique is investigated in comparison with the measured value from the destructive inspection. As shown in experimental results, the proposed machine has good accuracy for inspecting bumps in Flip-Chip. The remainder of this paper is organized as follows. Automatic visual inspection and proposed image processing is described in section 2. The experimental results are shown in section 3. And, finally, in section 4 the paper is summarized with some final remarks.
Visual inspection
Automated optical inspection
Automated X-ray inspection
Component (thermodynamics)
Machine Vision
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This paper presents an inspection system for the defects on surface mounted device (SMD) printed circuit boards (PCBs). There are five types of defects, namely, missing component, misalignment, wrong orientation of IC chip, wrong parts and poor solder joints. Thus, different algorithms are developed to detect these faults. Vision system has been introduced into almost every level of PCB manufacturing. They include PCB pattern inspection machines, SMD mounter with visual positioning, mounted SMD visual inspection machines, soldering inspection machines, assembled PCB visual inspection machines etc. Most of these vision systems are integrated successfully and achieve significant benefits. But the rapid development of surface mounted technology makes precision SMD mounters and visual inspection machines become necessary. Efforts are being made to develop precision SMD mounters and solder inspection systems.
Automated optical inspection
Visual inspection
Automated X-ray inspection
Machine Vision
Surface-mount technology
SMT placement equipment
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Visual inspection
Control reconfiguration
Software inspection
Automated X-ray inspection
Automated optical inspection
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In this thesis, a design of a general automated visual inspection application is proposed. The system is intended to work in a production environment, being able to perform quality control on precision parts, rejecting defective objects and reporting on the flaws that were found. As a part of this system, a new tool is also proposed, that can verify the presence and shape of features that occur in multiple instances in the image of the object under inspection. The work is based on a study of available commercial solutions for automated visual inspection and attempts to increase the users overview and understanding of how the inspection is built up. The application consists of an inspection interface and a configuration interface. The user configures the inspection in the configuration interface by selecting a set of predefined tools that perform measurements based on an image of the object under inspection and intermediate results, and configuring them to suit his/her needs. The tools may be grouped into a set of states in a finite state machine that allows for conditional branching and loops in the inspection. The greatest difference between the proposed solution and other similar systems, is that dependencies between tools may be represented graphically. The inspection interface is intended for execution and supervision of the inspection, and gives an overview of results and statistics from the execution of the inspection.
Automated X-ray inspection
Visual inspection
Automated optical inspection
Interface (matter)
Software inspection
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Purpose To present an overview of the research and development carried out by an EC Framework 6 part funded consortium, known as MICROSCAN, for the implementation of an in‐line PCB inspection prototype system that is capable of offering comprehensive defect detection. Design/methodology/approach Four non‐destructive testing inspection modules based on digital radiography (X‐ray) inspection, thermal inspection, automated‐optical inspection and acoustic inspection have been integrated to form a combined inspection system. Findings A proof in principle in‐line PCB inspection system, utilising four different inspection techniques, has been developed and demonstrated. The system is based on a generic mechanical, electrical and software communications platform culminating in a flexible system that enables the inspection modules to be used separately, together or interchanged to give the best results in terms of inspection coverage and inspection throughput. Research limitations/implications In its current embodiment, the prototype is suited to inspection of high‐return PCBs, particularly those used in medical and aerospace products, rather than high‐throughput PCB production work. The X‐ray inspection module is the slowest inspection technique and combining four different inspection techniques reduces the inspection throughput of the whole system to that of the X‐ray inspection module. Further, trials and investigations need to be carried out to improve inspection throughput. Originality/value The novelty of the system is that it is the first time that four inspection techniques have been combined to give the capability of 100 per cent defect coverage.
Automated optical inspection
Automated X-ray inspection
Visual inspection
Software inspection
Line (geometry)
Production line
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The spacing of inspection times in intermittent inspection is of great interest, and several ways for the determination of inspection times have been proposed. In most inspection schemes including equally spaced inspection and optimally spaced inspection, the best inspection times in each inspection scheme depend on the unknown parameter, and we need an initial guess of the unknown parameter for practical use. Thus it is evident that the efficiency of the resulting inspection scheme highly depends on the choice of the initial value. However, since we can obtain some information about the unknown parameter at each inspection, we may use the accumulated information and adjust the next inspection time. In this paper, we study this sequential determination of the inspection times in optimally spaced inspection.
Visual inspection
Software inspection
Automated X-ray inspection
Automated optical inspection
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In ordert to improve the efficiency of inspection for printed defect and meet the real-time requirement for printed defect inspection,the article is proposed to application of machine vision on on-line inspection for defect and studies related problems.The article designs the program of on-line inspection for printed defect and visual on-line inspection system of the hardware components based on DSP.The article also studies algorithm of image pre-processing,image processing and image registration.We improve these algorithms to meet the real-time requirement for printed defect inspection.We design the software named printed defect machine vision system.It proves that the inspection program and algorithm of image processing is feasible through simulating process of defect inspection.
Automated X-ray inspection
Visual inspection
Automated optical inspection
Machine Vision
Software inspection
Line (geometry)
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