Comparison of Work Input Requirement on Laboratory‐Scale and Industrial‐Scale Mechanical Dough Development Mixers
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ABSTRACT The use of a laboratory‐scale mixer for predicting the mixing requirement of flours in an industrial‐scale mixer was investigated by measuring the work input required to mix a range of flours to peak consistency on both a laboratory‐scale and an industrial‐scale mechanical dough development (MDD) mixer. The industrial mixer used was a Tweedy‐type mixer, and the mixing optimum was determined using a probe that sensed changes in dough consistency. Work input was estimated from mixer motor power, taking into account expected motor and drive chain losses, and from dough temperature rise measurements. The laboratory mixer used twin flat‐bladed rotors; mixing optimum and work input were determined from the torque measurement. Work inputs from both mixers were highly correlated ( r 2 = 0.88) but with a large offset (the industrial mixer requiring more work to develop the dough). The two methods of measuring industrial mixer work inputs gave slightly different results leading to uncertainty as to the actual work given by the industrial mixer. Farinograph mixing properties were less well correlated with industrial‐scale work input requirement than the laboratory‐scale MDD mixer.Keywords:
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Static mixers are finding increasing application in the process industries for mixing particulate solids. The versatility of static mixers lend themselves to many advantages compared to dynamic mixers but the exact mixing process which can influence static mixer performance is not well understood. Various investigations into assessing the performance of static mixers are reviewed along with a more general overview of the area of mixing in terms of mixing mechanisms and equipment. In this article, pilot investigations into the radial mixing of binary mixtures in a static mixer with respect to size utilising a novel sampling method are presented. It was concluded that the static mixer under investigation fulfilled the necessary requirements to be included as an integral part of a segregation testing facility, based on test results which indicated the mixer's ability to mix highly segregating materials to a satisfactory degree of mixedness.
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Abstract The influence of static mixers on mixing time and circulation time in an external‐loop airlift bioreactor with gas‐induced and forced‐liquid circulation was investigated. The study was carried out with water and three viscous, non‐Newtonian starch solutions. The mixing time was determined for the overrall flow loop using a classical tracer response technique. It was found that the mixing time is highly dependent on the superficial gas velocity and the presence of static mixers. The shortest mixing time is achieved in a forced‐loop airlift reactor without static mixers, where the average mixing time value is only 1/3 of the time necessary for mixing in the airlift reactor with gas‐induced liquid circulation and static mixers. The pseudoplasticity of the liquid phase insignificantly influences the mixing time and the circulation time.
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With the commercial availability of integrated microreactor systems, the numbers of chemical processes that are performed nowadays in a continuous flow is growing rapidly. The control over mixing efficiency and homogeneous heating in these reactors allows industrial scale production that was often hampered by the use of large amounts of hazardous chemicals. Accurate actuation and in line measurements of the flows, to have a better control over the chemical reaction, is of added value for increasing reproducibility and a safe production.
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Chemical reactor
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Manufacturing process
Quality by Design
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Abstract Modern technological schemes in water supply for clarifying surface water include using reagents as coagulants, flocculants, etc. To mix them with the source water on plants usually use different types of mixing devices. Tubular mixer is one of such devices. Our research work involves the study of a tubular mixer with improved design, which can mix several reagents with source water. The paper presents theoretical and experimental studies of the tubular mixer with improved design for mixing several reagents with natural water. It is theoretically and experimentally substantiated the feasibility of using this tubular mixer for mixing several reagents with natural water over a short mixing time. The improved design of tubular mixer can mix several reagents with natural water in a short mixing time, intensify the mixing process and improve quality of water after treatment.
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By means of scale-up rules, operating and design data of known machines – so called models – can be applied to larger and smaller machines, the so called pilot plants. Scale-up rules are based on the principle of similarity. According to this principle, all physical and technical facts are similar which are described by the same dimensionless characteristic values (dimensionless products), also called π-values, if they are allocated to the same state of the dimensionless space of characteristic numbers. First of all we want to note the dimensionless groups, which are relevant for mixing processes. These are the basis for scale-up and scale-down rules of the continuous, steady-state and discontinuous processes. We also cover the relevant mixing equipment. Among these are melting extruder and plasticizing extruder, rubber extruder, co-rotating and counterrotating intermeshing and non intermeshing twin screw extruder, kneaders, mixing rolls, mixing elements, internal mixes and mechanically agitated vessels.
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