Anthelmintic Activities of Aporphine from Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. cv. Rosa-plena against Hymenolepis nana
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Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. cv. Rosa-plena (Nelumbonaceae), commonly known as lotus, is a perennial aquatic plant grown and consumed throughout Asia. All parts of N. nucifera have been used for various medicinal purposes in oriental medicine. From the leaves of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. cv. Rosa-plena (an aquatic plant), liriodenine (1), lysicamine (2), (-)-anonaine (3), (-)-asimilobine (4), (-)-caaverine (5), (-)-N-methylasimilobine (6), (-)-nuciferine (7), (-)-nornuciferine (8), (-)-roemerine (9), 7-hydroxydehydronuciferine (10) and cepharadione B (11) were isolated and identification and anthelmintic activities of aporphine was evaluated against Anisakis simplex and Hymenolepis nana. This study found that the above constituents killed H. nana or reduced their spontaneous movements (oscillation/peristalsis). However, the above constituents at various concentrations demonstrated no larvicidal effect or ability to halt spontaneous parasite movement for 72 h against A. simplex, respectively. In addition, according to an assay of cestocidal activity against H. nana and nematocidal activity against A. simplex, we found that the above compounds showed greater lethal efficacy on H. nana than against A. simplex. Further investigation showed that these above constituents have effects against peroxyl radicals under cestocidal effect. Together, these findings suggest that these constituents of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. cv. Rosa-plena might be used as anthelmintic agents against H. nana.Keywords:
Nelumbo Nucifera
Cocos nucifera
Hymenolepis nana
Aporphine
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To study the compositions of alkaloids in six inedible parts of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn,the alkaloids of lotus leaf,lotus plumule,lotus seed pot,lotus rhizome node,lotus seed epicarp,and lotus rhizome epicarp were extracted by ethanol water and then the extracts were analysed by HPLC,respectively.Results showed that there were five kinds of akaloids in the extract of lotus plumule,and four of them were liensinine,isoliensinine,neciferine and neferine.The extracts of the other five parts had the similar compositions of alkaloids dominant by 6 to 8 kinds of alkaloids.The content of nuciferine in lotus leaf was the highest,reaching 149.64 μg/g,while the contents of liensinine,isoliensinine,and neferine in lotus plumule were the highest with 457.76,6155.85,and 1420.90 μg/g,respectively.It can be inferred that there are 5 to 8 kinds of alkaloids in the six inedible parts of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn,thus should be well developed and utilized in production.
Nelumbo Nucifera
Lotus effect
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Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. cv. Rosa-plena (Nelumbonaceae), commonly known as lotus, is a perennial aquatic plant grown and consumed throughout Asia. All parts of N. nucifera have been used for various medicinal purposes in oriental medicine. From the leaves of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. cv. Rosa-plena (an aquatic plant), liriodenine (1), lysicamine (2), (-)-anonaine (3), (-)-asimilobine (4), (-)-caaverine (5), (-)-N-methylasimilobine (6), (-)-nuciferine (7), (-)-nornuciferine (8), (-)-roemerine (9), 7-hydroxydehydronuciferine (10) and cepharadione B (11) were isolated and identification and anthelmintic activities of aporphine was evaluated against Anisakis simplex and Hymenolepis nana. This study found that the above constituents killed H. nana or reduced their spontaneous movements (oscillation/peristalsis). However, the above constituents at various concentrations demonstrated no larvicidal effect or ability to halt spontaneous parasite movement for 72 h against A. simplex, respectively. In addition, according to an assay of cestocidal activity against H. nana and nematocidal activity against A. simplex, we found that the above compounds showed greater lethal efficacy on H. nana than against A. simplex. Further investigation showed that these above constituents have effects against peroxyl radicals under cestocidal effect. Together, these findings suggest that these constituents of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. cv. Rosa-plena might be used as anthelmintic agents against H. nana.
Nelumbo Nucifera
Cocos nucifera
Hymenolepis nana
Aporphine
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Nelumbo Nucifera
Lotus japonicus
Lotus effect
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Nelumbo Nucifera
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Nelumbo Nucifera
Lotus effect
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Nelumbo Nucifera
Lotus effect
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Sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) is a large economic crop, which is also cultivated as a horticultural crop.This study performed a systematic qualitative and quantitative determination of five anthocyanins and 18 non-anthocyanin flavonoids from the petals of 207 lotus cultivars.Among the compounds identified in this study, quercetin 3-O-pentoseglucuronide, quercetin 7-O-glucoside, laricitrin 3-O-hexose, and laricitrin 3-O-glucuronide were discovered for the first time in sacred lotus.The relationships between these pigments and petals colors were also evaluated.A decrease in the total content of anthocyanins and increase in the content of myricetin 3-O-glucuronide resulted in a lighter flower color.Furthermore, petals were yellow when the content of quercetin 3-Oneohesperidoside and myricetin 3-O-glucuronide were increased, whereas petals were red when the total anthocyanin content was high and the quercetin 3-O-sambubioside content was low.These investigations contribute to the understanding of mechanisms that underlie the development of flower color and provide a solid theoretical basis for the further study of sacred lotus.
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富栄養化した湖沼ではハス Nelumbo nucifera の過剰繁茂による水質汚濁や生物多様性の劣化が問題となっている。このため，刈払い等によるハスの管理活動がいくつかの湖沼で行われてきた。ハスの効果的な管理手法の開発のため，刈払いがハスの生残に及ぼす影響を伊豆沼に隣接する試験池で評価した。試験池に生育していた 2 ～ 36 枚の葉を持つ 22 株のハスについて，葉の葉柄を水面下 40 cm の位置で刈払ったところ，8 株（36.4％）が枯死した。枯死した株の刈払い前の平均葉数（4.5 ± 0.8 枚，最小～最大：2 ～9 枚）は，生残した株の葉数（11.9 ± 2.8 枚，最小～最大：3 ～36 枚）の半数以下であった。 この時，3 日以内に水面に新しい葉を出葉させた株は生残し，出葉できなかった株はそのまま枯死していた。そこで，葉数 1 ～38 枚の葉を持つ 11 株のハスについて，水面への出葉を阻害するよう，短い間隔で刈払ったところ，刈払い前の葉数に関わらず全ての株が 3 日以内に枯死した。この結果は，出葉の可否が刈払い後の生死を決定する重要な条件であることを意味する。したがって，葉数の少ない時期を中心に，繰り返し刈払う管理方式は，出葉の阻害に着目した有効な手法になると考えられる。
Nelumbo Nucifera
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Sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) is a large economic crop, which is also cultivated as a horticultural crop.This study performed a systematic qualitative and quantitative determination of five anthocyanins and 18 non-anthocyanin flavonoids from the petals of 207 lotus cultivars.Among the compounds identified in this study, quercetin 3-O-pentoseglucuronide, quercetin 7-O-glucoside, laricitrin 3-O-hexose, and laricitrin 3-O-glucuronide were discovered for the first time in sacred lotus.The relationships between these pigments and petals colors were also evaluated.A decrease in the total content of anthocyanins and increase in the content of myricetin 3-O-glucuronide resulted in a lighter flower color.Furthermore, petals were yellow when the content of quercetin 3-Oneohesperidoside and myricetin 3-O-glucuronide were increased, whereas petals were red when the total anthocyanin content was high and the quercetin 3-O-sambubioside content was low.These investigations contribute to the understanding of mechanisms that underlie the development of flower color and provide a solid theoretical basis for the further study of sacred lotus.
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