Biosynthesis of the carbohydrate portions of immunoglobulin M
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Incorporations of radioactive mannose, galactose and fucose into MOPC 104E mouse plasma-cell tumour suspensions suggest a stepwise addition of carbohydrate residues to immunoglobulin M (IgM) during the process of secretion. Mannose and glucosamine residues are added at an early stage, whereas galactose and fucose are added just before, or at the time that, IgM leaves the cell. Free light chains secreted in excess by the same tumour cells incubated with mannose, galactose or fucose contained barely detectable amounts of radioactivity.Pig lymphocyte plasma membrane isolated from mesenteric lymph node contained 69 mug of carbohydrate/mg dry wt., which was made up of neutral sugar, amino sugar and sialic acid in the molar proportions 5:1.7:1. The neutral sugar comprised fucose, ribose, mannose, glucose, galactose and inositol (molar proportions 2:9:11:15:26:1), and the amino sugar glucosamine and galactosamine (molar ratio 2:1). The ribose was most probably derived from RNA. All of the fucose and mannose and almost all of the glucosamine were associated with the membrane protein whereas the membrane lipid contained all of the inositol. The remaining sugars were distributed in various ratios between the protein and lipid fractions.
Galactosamine
Ribose
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Mole
Monosaccharide
J chain
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The sequence in which sugars are added to the Sindbis virus glycoproteins was studied. Infected cells contain three glycosylated virus-specific proteins: the two virion glycoproteins and the immediate precursor to the smaller virion glycoprotein. Larger Sindbis-specific proteins are not glycosylated. The cell-associated forms of both of the virion glycoproteins contain glucosamine, mannose, galactose, and fucose. The glycosylated precursor contains only glucosamine, mannose, and some galactose. The conversion of precursor to virion protein involves both the addition of galactose and fucose and the loss of mannose. The apparent extent of glycosylation of each virus-specific protein is not influenced by the host cell.
Sindbis virus
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Incorporations of radioactive mannose, galactose and fucose into MOPC 104E mouse plasma-cell tumour suspensions suggest a stepwise addition of carbohydrate residues to immunoglobulin M (IgM) during the process of secretion. Mannose and glucosamine residues are added at an early stage, whereas galactose and fucose are added just before, or at the time that, IgM leaves the cell. Free light chains secreted in excess by the same tumour cells incubated with mannose, galactose or fucose contained barely detectable amounts of radioactivity.
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Alpha (finance)
alpha-2-Macroglobulin
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ABSTRACT Tritiated leucine, glucosamine, mannose, and galactose were incorporated into the variant specific surface glycoprotein (VSG) of Trypanosoma congolense in vitro. The uptake of the precursors is shown by SDS‐polyacrylamide electrophoresis and fluorography, by assay of the radioactivity in immunoprecipitates obtained with specific antisera, and by the isolation of the labeled antigens by affinity chromatography on concanavalin A‐sepharose and isoelectric focusing. The in vitro labeled VSG exhibits the same degree of microheterogeneity as that observed in the VSG isolated from trypanosomes grown in animals. Analysis of the incorporated sugars after hydrolysis of the glycoprotein showed that glucosamine and mannose were utilized in biosynthesis of the carbohydrate moiety directly whereas galactose was converted possibly to other intermediates before being incorporated into the antigen. Tunicamycin completely prevented the incorporation of the radiolabeled sugars into the surface glycoprotein. The unglycosylated VSG with a molecular weight of 47 kDa had completely lost its size heterogeneity.
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Monosaccharide
Rhamnose
Galactosamine
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The carbohydrate content of Sindbis virus was determined by gas chromatographic analysis. The two viral glycoproteins were found to be approximately 8% carbohydrate by weight. Mannose is the sugar present in the largest amount. Smaller amounts of glucosamine, galactose, sialic acid, and fucose were also detected. Each of the two viral glycoproteins appears to contain two structurally unrelated oligosaccharides. Two of the three Sindbis-specific glycoproteins found in infected chick cells were shown to contain short, unfinished oligosaccharides.
Sindbis virus
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