Electrical impedance spectroscopy for monitoring the gum Arabic–chitosan complexation process in bulk solution A Physicochemical and engineering aspects

Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests were carried out to study the complexation process between gum Arabic (GA; aqueous dispersion, pH 4.75, 1% w/w) and chitosan (Ch; acetic acid dispersion, pH 3.5, 1% w/w) in bulk solution. EIS data were obtained for different GA/Ch mass ratios (RGA/Ch=1:1–10:1) at frequencies ranging from 1Hz to 1000Hz. A fractional-order Randles circuit was used to estimate resistance and capacitance parameters as function of RGA/Ch. Complex coacervates were obtained by subjecting the bulk solutions to centrifugation, and quantifying the sedimentation velocity and height. The equivalent circuit parameters showed sharp changes at the isoelectric point of the complex coacervates. The capability and accuracy of the EIS was compared with that obtained via traditional ζ-potential measurements. The results indicated that the EIS technique can be used at specific frequency ranges as a practical method for monitoring the complexation process between biopolymers.