O-imidazate-N-trimethyl chitosan quaternary ammonium salt, as well as preparation method and application thereof

The invention belongs to the field of macromolecular compounds and discloses a functional derivative, O-imidazate-N-trimethyl chitosan quaternary ammonium salt, prepared through chemical modification of chitosan, as well as a preparation method and application of the O-imidazate-N-trimethyl chitosan quaternary ammonium salt. The preparation method comprises the following steps: taking chitosan, formaldehyde and formic acid as starting materials, obtaining chitosan Schiff base through microwave reaction of the starting materials; then, carrying out reaction of the chitosan Schiff base and methyl iodide to obtain N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan; utilizing imidazole dicarboxylic acid and sulfoxide chloride to obtain imidazole acid acyl chloride; adding the imidazole acid acyl chloride into the N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan to obtain the O-imidazate-N trimethyl chitosan quaternary ammonium salt. The O-imidazate-N trimethyl chitosan quaternary ammonium salt is not only good in water-solubility, but also greatly higher in an antibiotic property, and can be applied to numerous application fields such as antibacterial materials, daily chemical products and industrial wastewater treatment.