Mach’s Principle, Action at a Distance and Cosmology
2015
Hoyle and
Narlikar (HN) in the 1960’s [1]
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-[3]
08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F005200650066003400310031003900330036003000340037000000
developed a theory of gravitation which was completely Machian and used
both retarded and advanced waves to communicate gravitational influence between
particles. The advanced waves, which travel backward in time, are difficult to
visualize and although they are mathematically allowed by relativistic wave
equations, they never really caught on. The HN theory reduced to Einstein’s
theory of gravity in the smooth fluid approximation and a transformation into
the rest frame of the fluid. Hawking [4]
08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F005200650066003400310031003900330036003000350030000000
in 1965 pointed out a possible flaw in the theory. This involved
integrating out into the distant future to account for all the advanced waves
which might influence the mass of a particle here and now. Hawking used
infinity as his upper time limit and showed the integral was divergent. We
point out that since the universe is known to be expanding, and accelerating,
the upper limit in the advanced wave time integral should not be infinite but is
bounded by the Cosmic Event Horizon. This event horizon He represents a barrier between future events that can
be observed and those which cannot. We show that the advanced wave integral is
finite when He/C, is used as the upper limit of the
advanced wave integral. Hawking’s objection is no longer valid and the HN
theory becomes a working theory once again.
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