Background: Nowadays over-the-counter (OTC) drugs and dietary supplements are widely used.Their use can have a significant impact on the validity of laboratory results.The aim of this multicenter European study was to determine the frequency of consumption of various dietary products and OTC drugs among patients and explore their level of knowledge and awareness about the potential impact of various products on laboratory test results.Methods: Eighteen European countries participated in this study.The survey was carried out anonymously on a subsequent series of outpatients (n = 200) in each participating country.Included were patients who were referred to the laboratory for blood sampling and who voluntarily agreed to participate in the study.The survey included
Background: We aimed was to assess the association of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) with selected food groups pertinent to non-Mediterranean prototype in Albania, a transitional post-communist country in Southeast Europe.Methods: We conducted a case-control study in Tirana in [2003][2004][2005][2006] including 467 non-fatal consecutive ACS patients (370 men aged 59.1±8.7 years, 97 women aged 63.3±7.1 years; 88% response) and a population-based control group (469 men aged 53.1±10.4years, 268 women aged 54.0±10.9years; 69% response).A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire including 105 food items was administered to all participants based on which the daily calorie intake for selected food groups (meat products, overall oils and fats, sweets, and junk food) was calculated.General linear model was used to assess the association of food groups with ACS.Results: Mean age-adjusted values of meat products, overall oils and fats, sweets and junk food were all considerably higher in cases than controls in both sexes.Cases had significantly higher mean "non-Mediterranean" diet scores (consisting of junk food, sweets, oils and fats except olive oil) than controls (10.3% vs. 5.9% in men and 15.2% vs. 8.3% in women, P<0.01 for both).Conclusions: In this Albanian population, intake of total fats, in particular saturated fatty acids was associated with a higher risk of ACS in both sexes.Furthermore, the consumption of processed foods was associated with considerable excess coronary risk which points to serious health implications for the Albanian adult population.
Proteina C-reaktive me sensibilitet të lartë është një proteinë e fazës akute e cila në ditët tona konsiderohet si një markues i rëndësishëm i inflamacionit ateroklerotik. Qëllimi ynë është vlerësimi i Hs-CRP si një markues i inflamacionit sistemik në procesin aterosklerotik dhe relacioni i Hs-CRP me ashpërsinë e lezioneve aterosklerotike të dedektuara me anë të angiografisë.
Introduction: The emergence of novel pathogens poses a significant and immediate threat to global blood safety, particularly in regions experiencing epidemiological shifts. This study urgently examines the prevalence and impact of newly identified pathogens among blood donors and recipients in Albania, focusing on assessing their implications for public health and transfusion medicine. Results revealed a prevalence of new pathogens among donors and patients, highlighting the potential risk of transmission through blood transfusion. Travel history, socioeconomic status, and urban-rural disparities significantly influenced pathogen prevalence. This study underscores the urgent need for enhanced screening protocols and public health interventions to mitigate the risks associated with emerging pathogens. Our findings contribute to a growing body of evidence emphasizing the crucial role of continuous surveillance and adaptive strategies in transfusion medicine to ensure blood safety and protect vulnerable populations in Albania and beyond. Conclusion: The study highlights the presence of emerging pathogens in blood donors and patients in Albania, underscoring their potential to significantly impact blood safety and public health. The findings emphasize the necessity for improved screening protocols, continuous epidemiological surveillance, and targeted public health interventions to address the risks associated with these pathogens. Adopting adaptive strategies in transfusion medicine is critical to safeguarding the health of donors and recipients in the region.
The presence of HbC is a rare event in Europe and Mediterranean region where thalassemia and HbS are more frequently encountered. The rarely diagnosed cases are linked with the migration from West-Central Africa. Albania is one of the Mediterranean countries where inherited haemoglobin disorders are considerably widespread. Studies have shown the presence of thalassemia, sickle cell disease and sporadic cases of Hb O-Arab, Hb Lepore especially in the areas where malaria has been endemic. In 2006 we identified the first case with HbSC disease and until 2020 we have found 15 cases with HbC variant.
In this study we have collected and analyzed the laboratory and clinical data of HbC cases. Our data support reports that HbC combinations with HbS and beta thalassemia are clinically important. Our data confirm the presence of the HbC variant in ex-malaric areas where thalassemia and HbS are quite widespread.
Nephrolithiasis is a complex, multifactorial disease resulting from an interaction between environmental and genetic factors. A minority of patients form stones because of well defined systemic diseases. In the rest, who usually are otherwise well expected for stone formation, the pathogenesis of stone is not as cleary defined. Compressive metabolic evaluation has become an important aspect of the management of recurrent nephrolithiasis, yet the role of stone analysis is often neglected or perhaps underestimated. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the chemical composition of kidney and biliary stones in our patients in order to provide guidance in metabolic evaluation and medical diagnosis, therapeutic treatment and prevention of recurrence. We used infrared spectroscopic method (Perkin Elmer Infrared Spectroscopy) to analyze the chemical composition of 224 kidney stones passed spontaneously or removed surgically and 40 gallstones removed surgically in the ?Mother Teresa? University Hospital Centre of Tirana. Of 224 kidney stones 62 % belong to male and 38% to female patients. Of infrared spectroscopic examinations of kidney stones 75.4% of results are calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones, 12.5% uric acid (UA) stones, 10.3% phosphate stones and 1.8% cystine stones. Of CaOx stones 67.4% are pure CaOx stones and 32.6% are mixed composition stones (CaOx mixed with UA or apatite). Of UA stones 82.1% are pure UA stones, 10.7% are UA stones mixed with ammonium urate and 7.2% are pure ammonium urate stones. Of phosphate stones 39.1% are of struvite composition, 26.1% are of carabapatite composition and 34.8% are of struvite composition mixed with apatite. The incidence of CaOx stones, UA stones and cystine stones is higher in men, while phosphate stones predominate in women. The chemical composition of 40 biliary stones examined with infrared spectroscopy is the following: 2.5% are pure calcium bilirubinate stones, are 42.5% are pure cholesterol stones and 55% are mixed stones (cholesterol stones mixed with calcium bilirubinate, calcite, aragonite or apatite). Females predominate in bilary stones. Calcium stones are the most frequent kidney stones. Calcium stones, uric acid stones and cystine stones were found more frequently in males than in females. On the other hand, phosphate containing stones, very often called ?infection stones?, were more frequent in female patients. Cholesterol stones predominate in gallstones examined by infrared spectroscopy. All types of gallstones are more frequent in women than in men. Stone analysis alone may provide guidance for therapeutic treatment and recurrence prevention.
Summary Background: The clinical value and the interrelationship of HDL and the metabolic syndrome were studied using plasma levels of TNF-a, IL 6, IL 10, IL 8, IL 1beta, IL 2R in patients with cardiovascular stenosis. Methods: On the basis of exclusion criteria, we recruited 198 male and female patients aged 45 to 75 years with CVD and 43 patients with MS. Patients were subdivided into %stenosis according to the CASS guidelines. Lipids were measured on an Olympus AU640 analyzer. Ox-LDL was measured by the immunosorbent assay and MDA by HPLC. Cytokines were analysed with DPC Immulite 1000. Statistical tests were performed using SPSS for Windows, 14.0 & Medcalc. Results: Ox-LDL and apoB were significantly higher in the MS(+) patient group (88.7 U/L) compared to the MS(-) group (77.5 U/L). Ox-LDL showed a positive correlation (P=0.001) with LDL-C, apoB and MDA. There was a higher concentration of HDL in the patient group MS(-), which was confirmed by a non-significant (P=0.849) change of apoA(I) from 1.267 g/L in the MS(+) to 1.275 g/L in the MS(-) group. A light significant increase of IL 10 (P=0.05) in MS(+) patients was observed, and the other analysed inflammation markers were mostly unchanged. MS has no direct association with the cytokine production. Conclusions: Ox-LDL and apoB were significantly higher in the MS(+) patient group. In a multiple regression analysis for