Objective: We sought to effectively alleviate the emotion of individuals with anxiety and depression, and explore the effects of aerobic exercise on their emotion regulation. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) brain imaging technology is used to monitor and evaluate the process of aerobic exercise and imagination that regulates emotion. Approach:Thirty participants were scored by the state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) and profile of mood states (POMS), and fNIRS images were collected before, after, and during aerobic exercise and motor imagery. Then, the oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO), deoxygenated hemoglobin (HbR), and total hemoglobin (HbT) concentrations and their average value were calculated, and the ratio of HbO concentration in the left and right frontal lobes was determined. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to calculate the correlation between variations in the average scores of the two scales and in blood oxygen concentrations. Results: In comparison with motor imagery, STAI, and POMS scores decreased after 20 min of aerobic exercise. The prefrontal cortex had asymmetry and laterality (with the left side being dominant in emotion regulation). The increase in hemoglobin concentration recorded by fNIRS was negatively correlated with STAI and POMS scores. Aerobic exercise has a good effect on emotion regulation. Significance:The study showed that portable fNIRS could be effectively used for monitoring and evaluating emotion regulation by aerobic exercise. This study is expected to provide ideas for constructing fNIRS-based online real-time monitoring and evaluation of emotion regulation by aerobic exercise.
Abstract Aims Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a group of proteins related to bone morphogenesis. BMP‐binding endothelial regulator (BMPER), a secreted protein that interacts with BMPs, is known to be involved in ischemic injuries. Here, we explored the effects of BMPER on cerebral ischemia and its mechanism of action. Methods A mouse model of brain ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). An in vitro ischemic model was established by subjecting primary cultured neurons to oxygen‐glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R). Serum levels of BMPs/BMPER were measured in MCAO mice and in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Brain damages were compared between BMPER‐ and vehicle‐treated mice. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence staining were performed to examine neuroinflammation and cell death. BMPER‐related pathways were assessed by Western blotting. Results BMPER level was elevated in MCAO mice and AIS patients. BMPER administration reduced mortality, infarct size, brain edema, and neurological deficit after MCAO. Neuroinflammation and cell death after ischemia were alleviated by BMPER both in vivo and in vitro. BMPER activated the Smad3/Akt/Nrf2 pathway in OGD/R‐challenged neurons. Conclusion BMPER is a neuroprotective hormone that alleviates ischemic brain injury via activating the Smad3/Akt/Nrf2 pathway. These findings may provide potential therapeutic strategies for stroke.
In order to seek a more outstanding diagnosis and treatment of diabetic retinopathy (DR), we predicted the miRNA biomarkers of DR and explored the pathological mechanism of DR through bioinformatics analysis. Method: Based on public omics data and databases, we investigated ncRNA (non-coding RNA) functions based on the ceRNA hypothesis. Result: Among differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs), hsa-miR-1179, -4797-3p and -665 may be diagnosis biomarkers of DR. Functional enrichment analysis revealed differentially expressed mRNAs (DE-mRNAs) enriched in mitochondrial transport, cellular respiration and energy derivation. 18 tissue/organ-specific expressed genes, 10 hub genes and gene cluster modules were identified. The ceRNA networks lncRNA FBXL19-AS1/miR-378f/MRPL39 and lncRNA UBL7-AS1/miR-378f/MRPL39 might be potential RNA regulatory pathways in DR. Conclusion: Differentially expressed hsa-miR-1179, -4797-3p and -665 can be used as powerful markers for DR diagnosis, and the ceRNA network: lncRNA FBXL19-AS1/UBL7-AS1-miR-378f-MRPL39 may represent an important regulatory role in DR progression.
Objective The present study aimed to examine the association between maternal passive smoking during pregnancy and the risk of spontaneous PTD and to explore the potential interaction of the single or joint gene polymorphism of CYP1A1 and GSTs with maternal passive smoking on the risk of spontaneous PTD. Method We investigated whether the association between maternal passive smoking and PTD can be modified by 2 metabolic genes, i.e. cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), in a case-control study with 198 spontaneous preterm and 524 term deliveries in Shenzhen and Foshan, China. We used logistic regression to test gene-passive smoking interaction, adjusting for maternal socio-demographics and prepregnancy body mass index. Results Overall, maternal passive smoking during pregnancy was associated with higher risk of PTD (adjusted odds ratio = 2.20 [95% confidence interval: 1.56–3.12]). This association was modified by CYP1A1 and GSTs together, but not by any single genotype. For cross-categories of CYP1A1 Msp I and GSTs, maternal passive smoking was associated with higher risk of PTD among those women with CYP1A1 "TC/CC"+ GSTs "null", but not among women with other genotypes; and this interaction was significant (OR = 2.66 [95% CI: 1.19–5.97]; P-value: 0.017). For cross-categories of CYP1A1 BsrD I and GSTs, maternal passive smoking was associated with higher risk of PTD only among those women with CYP1A1"AG/GG"+ GSTs "null", but not among women with other genotypes; and this interaction was significant (OR = 3.00 [95% CI: 1.17–7.74]; P-value: 0.023). Conclusions Our findings suggest that the combined genotypes of CYP1A1 and GSTs can help to identify vulnerable pregnant women who are subject to high risk of spontaneous PTD due to passive smoking.
Neurofeedback (NF) technology based on electroencephalogram (EEG) data or functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been widely studied and applied. In contrast, functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has become a new technique in NF research in recent years. fNIRS is a neuroimaging technology based on hemodynamics, which has the advantages of low cost, good portability and high spatial resolution, and is more suitable for use in natural environments. At present, there is a lack of comprehensive review on fNIRS-NF technology (fNIRS-NF) in China. In order to provide a reference for the research of fNIRS-NF technology, this paper first describes the principle, key technologies and applications of fNIRS-NF, and focuses on the application of fNIRS-NF. Finally, the future development trend of fNIRS-NF is prospected and summarized. In conclusion, this paper summarizes fNIRS-NF technology and its application, and concludes that fNIRS-NF technology has potential practicability in neurological diseases and related fields. fNIRS can be used as a good method for NF training. This paper is expected to provide reference information for the development of fNIRS-NF technology.目前基于脑电图（EEG）数据或功能磁共振成像（fMRI）的神经反馈（NF）技术对大脑调节的影响已展开了广泛研究与应用，相较而言，功能近红外光谱成像（fNIRS）成为近年来在NF研究中新兴的技术手段。fNIRS是一种基于血液动力学的神经成像技术，具有成本低、便携性好、空间分辨率高等优势，更适合在自然环境下使用。当前国内缺少关于fNIRS结合NF技术（fNIRS-NF）的综合述评，为给fNIRS-NF技术相关领域研究提供参考，本文首先阐述了fNIRS-NF的原理、关键技术及应用，重点对fNIRS-NF的应用进行了较为全面的论述，最后展望并总结了fNIRS-NF未来的发展趋势。综上，本文对fNIRS-NF技术及应用进行总结，认为fNIRS-NF技术在神经性疾病及其相关领域具有潜在的实用价值，fNIRS可以作为NF训练的一种良好方法，期望本文可为fNIRS-NF技术的发展提供参考信息。.
To explore the association of maternal exercise during pregnancy with full-term low birth weight (FT-LBW) and whether placenta mediates their association.We investigated 326 pregnant women delivering FT-LBW weight newborns (cases) and 1644 delivering full-term normal birth weight newborns (controls) in this case-control study. Information concerning maternal exercise during pregnancy, socio-demographics and obstetric characteristics were collected at Women and Children's Hospitals of Shenzhen and Foshan in Guangdong, China.After adjusting for the potential confounders, maternal exercise frequency and duration during pregnancy were significantly negatively associated with FT-LBW, respectively. Moreover, compared with mothers taking no exercise during pregnancy, those taking exercises were significantly negatively associated with FT-LBW except those taking low/medium frequency and short duration exercise and high-frequency and long duration exercise, and their adjusted ORs ranged from 0.30 to 0.62. Furthermore, mediation analysis illustrated that placental weight partially mediated 27.20% of the association between maternal exercise frequency during pregnancy and FT-LBW, but not the association between maternal exercise duration during pregnancy and FT-LBW.Maternal exercise during pregnancy is beneficial for lowering FT-LBW risk, especially when taking appropriate and enough exercise. Placenta weight partially mediates the association between maternal exercise frequency during pregnancy and FT-LBW.
Objective: To examine the relationship of prenatal environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure and full-term low birth weight (FT-LBW) when taking anthropometric proportionality into consideration, and explore whether appetite mediates their association.Study design: We conducted a case-control study among pregnant women at two Women and Children's Hospitals in Guangdong, China. Information was collected through interview and medical records review. A series of logistic and linear regressions were used to examine the relationships of prenatal ETS exposure, appetite, and FT-LBW.Results: After adjusting for the potential confounders, prenatal ETS exposure was significantly negatively associated with FT-LBW (OR: 1.83, 95%CI: 1.35-2.48) and negatively correlated with maternal appetite in second and third trimester during pregnancy (β: -0.11, standard error: 0.03). Moreover, mediation analysis illustrated that maternal appetite partially mediated 12.00% of their relationship. However, subgroup analysis showed that prenatal ETS exposure was linked to higher risk of symmetric FT-LBW (OR: 2.26, 95%CI: 1.56-3.26) but not asymmetric FT-LBW. And maternal appetite explained only 6.45% of their relationship.Conclusions: Maternal prenatal ETS exposure increased risk of having symmetric FT-LBW infant, and appetite might mediate their relationship partially. This study emphasizes the importance of sample homogeneity and stresses the needs to improve the public awareness of the harmful effects of ETS.
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