Interaction between Maternal Passive Smoking during Pregnancy and CYP1A1 and GSTs Polymorphisms on Spontaneous Preterm Delivery
Yi-Juan LuoXiaozhong WenPeng DingYanhui HeChuanbo XieTao LiuJianmiao LinShixin YuanXiaoling GuoDeqin JiaLihua ChenHuang Bao-zhenWeiqing Chen
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Objective The present study aimed to examine the association between maternal passive smoking during pregnancy and the risk of spontaneous PTD and to explore the potential interaction of the single or joint gene polymorphism of CYP1A1 and GSTs with maternal passive smoking on the risk of spontaneous PTD. Method We investigated whether the association between maternal passive smoking and PTD can be modified by 2 metabolic genes, i.e. cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), in a case-control study with 198 spontaneous preterm and 524 term deliveries in Shenzhen and Foshan, China. We used logistic regression to test gene-passive smoking interaction, adjusting for maternal socio-demographics and prepregnancy body mass index. Results Overall, maternal passive smoking during pregnancy was associated with higher risk of PTD (adjusted odds ratio = 2.20 [95% confidence interval: 1.56–3.12]). This association was modified by CYP1A1 and GSTs together, but not by any single genotype. For cross-categories of CYP1A1 Msp I and GSTs, maternal passive smoking was associated with higher risk of PTD among those women with CYP1A1 "TC/CC"+ GSTs "null", but not among women with other genotypes; and this interaction was significant (OR = 2.66 [95% CI: 1.19–5.97]; P-value: 0.017). For cross-categories of CYP1A1 BsrD I and GSTs, maternal passive smoking was associated with higher risk of PTD only among those women with CYP1A1"AG/GG"+ GSTs "null", but not among women with other genotypes; and this interaction was significant (OR = 3.00 [95% CI: 1.17–7.74]; P-value: 0.023). Conclusions Our findings suggest that the combined genotypes of CYP1A1 and GSTs can help to identify vulnerable pregnant women who are subject to high risk of spontaneous PTD due to passive smoking.Keywords:
Passive smoking
Glutathione S-transferase
To explore the effects of combined CYP1A1 Msp1 genotypes with Ile/Val genotypes on susceptibility to lung cancer. Msp1 and Ile/Val genotypes of CYP1A1 gene were detected with the methods of PCR RFLP and allele specific amplification(ASA) in a case control study,including 92 cases of lung cancer and 98 hospital controls. Msp1 polymorphism site:The risk of lung cancer with the individuals of genotype B or genotype C was 1 85 times greater than that with the individual of genotype A ( χ 2=4 36,P0 05,OR=1 85,95% CI 1 04～3 30 ).Ile/Val polymorphism site:The risk of lung cancer of the individuals with genotype Val/Val was 3 3 times greater than the individual with genotype Ile/Ile ( χ 2=4 12,P0 05,OR=3 3,95% CI 1 02～10 72 ).The lung cancer risks of individuals with combined Ile/Ile genotype and A genotype were compared with these of individuals combined Ile/Val genotype and B ( χ 2=5 81,P0 05,95% CI 1 7～9 96 ),the individuals combined Ile/Val genotype and C genotype ( χ 2=4 74,P0 05,95% CI 1 11～20 9 ) and the individuals combined Val/Val genotype and C genotype ( χ 2=4 42,P0 05,95% CI 1 27～23 6 ). [Conclusion] The genotype C and genotype Val/Val of CYP1A1 gene may be susceptible to lung cancer,the individuals with two susceptible genotypes were more susceptible to lung cancer.
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Using a case-control design, the authors studied female residents of five Massachusetts towns between 1983 and 1986. The objective was to measure the associations between breast cancer occurrence and exposure to active and passive cigarette smoke. Until recently, exposure to tobacco smoke has not been thought to cause breast cancer. Novel perspectives on measuring the association of tobacco smoke with the occurrence of breast cancer and studies of genetically susceptible populations argue for further investigation. In this study, the authors found that ever-active smokers had an odds ratio of 2.0 (95 percent confidence interval (CI) 1.1-3.6) when compared with never-active, never-passive smokers. Women who smoked only before their first pregnancy (odds ratio = 5.6, 95 percent CI 1.5-21) and women who quit smoking 5-15 years before their index year (odds ratio = 3.9, 95 percent CI 1.4-10) were at the highest risk. Passive-only smokers had an odds ratio of 2.0 (95 percent CI 1.1-3.7) when compared with never-active, never-passive smokers. Among those women who were exposed to passive smoke before age 12 years, the odds ratios were 4.5 (95 percent CI 1.2-16) for passive-only smokers and 7.5 (95 percent CI 1.6-36) for ever-active smokers. Women who were first exposed to passive smoke after age 12 years had lower, although still elevated, odds ratios. The pattern of associations between exposure to cigarette smoke and the occurrence of breast cancer comports with a model of breast carcinogenesis.
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Aim:To study the relationship between passive tobacco smoking and the children's health.Methods:A questionnaire was carried out among 496 parents,whose children were ages of 2 to 6 years in Huli District of Xiamen city.Results:The rate of passive tobacco smoking exposure of children in family was 59.27%.And the incidences of respiratory tract infection,dentes cariosus and inattention were found to be 69.9%,56.5%and 30.1%respectively in children of the passive tobacco smoking group,which were significantly higher than those of the non-passive smoking group(P0.01);The average height of the passive tobacco smoking children whose mothers were also passive tobacco smoking during pregnancy was significantly shorter than those of the non-passive smoking group(P0.01).Conclusion:Passive tobacco smoking exposure may pose negative impacts on children's health.
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Objective To detect the polymorphism of CYP1A1-MspI gene in patients with ovarian cancer.and discuss the relationship between the polymorphism ofCYP1A1-MspI gene and correspond cases' general materials and clinical materials.Methods The free peripheral blood samples of 81 cases confirmed to be ovarian cancer by postoperative pathology were collected preoperatively and the polymorphism of CYP1A1-MspI gene was detected.The clinical materials of the 81 cases with different genotypes were compared.The relationship between the polymorphism and clinical materials was analyzed.Results Among the 81 cases of ovarian cancer,there were 47 cases of wild type-genotype A(T/T)(58%),25 cases of mutation heterozygosis-genotype B(T/C)(31%),and 9 cases of mutation homozygosis-genotype C(C/C)(11%).The genotypic frequency distribution in patients aged from 12 to 29 was one case of genotype A(2.1%),5 cases of genotype B(20.0%),and no case of genotype C.The genotypic frequency distribution in patients aged from 30 to 49 was 12 case of genotype A(25.5%),8 cases of genotype B(32.0%),and 3 cases of genotype C(33.3%).The genotypic frequency distribution in patients aged from 50 to 69 was 31 case of genotype A(66.0%),8 cases of genotype B(32.0%) and 4 cases of genotype C(44.4%).The genotypic frequency distribution in patients aged more than 70 years was 3 case were of genotype A(6.4%),4 cases of genotype B(16.0%),2 case of genotype C(22.2%).There were significant differences of the ages of onset between patients with different CYP1A1-MspI genotypes (P0.05).There were 40 cases of genotype A(85.1%),15 cases of genotype B(60.0%),and 9 cases of genotype C(100%) in epithelial cancer patients.There significant differences of the constituent ratio of the ovarian cancer pathological types between patients with different genotypes(P0.05).Conclusion Polymorphism of CYP1A1-MspI gene exisits in patients with ovarian cancer.The age of onset of patients with ovarian cancer is related with CYP1A1-MSPI genotypes;The incidence of epithelium tumor in patients with genotype A is higher than that of other ones.The ratio of non-epithelial tumor in the patients with mutation allele gene C has an increasing tendency.
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Parvovirus B19 comprises three distinct genotypes (1, 2, and 3). The distribution of B19 genotypes has not before been examined in South Africa. Two hundred thirty-nine laboratory samples submitted to a diagnostic virology laboratory for parvovirus DNA detection were analyzed retrospectively. Of the 53 PCR-positive samples investigated, 40 (75.4%) were identified as genotype 1 by genotype-specific PCR or consensus NS1 PCR and sequencing and 3 (5.7%) as genotype 2 and 10 (18.9%) as genotype 3 by analysis of NS1 sequences. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis identified two genotype 1 sequences which were distinct from the previously described genotypes 1A and 1B. Interestingly, a genotype 2 virus was detected in the serum of an 11-year-old child, providing evidence for its recent circulation. This is the first study to demonstrate the concurrent circulation of all three genotypes of B19 in South Africa and the provisional identification of a novel subtype of genotype 1. The implications of parvovirus B19 variation are discussed.
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Antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is often required for prolonged periods. We investigated the instance of one HBV genotype switching to another during tenofovir therapy. Of the 67 patients, genotype A was present in 6 (8.9%), D in 43 (65.6%), C in 1 (1.5%), and mixed in 17 (23.8%) patients. Genotype changes were detected in 51 (76.1%) patients on therapy during a follow-up of 192 (range 52–312) weeks. Inter-genotype changes were seen in 17 (33.3%) and intra-genotype in 28 (55%) and both inter- and intra-genotype in 6 of 51 (11.7%) patients. The distribution of genotypes in patients achieving complete virological response was genotype D, 32/43 (74.4%); genotype A, 6/6 (100%); and mixed genotypes, 13/17 (76.47%). The cumulative time of genotype switch among genotype A was 12 months (range 6–18), in genotype D, 12 months (range 6–48), and mixed genotype, 18 months (range 6–24). The type of inter-genotype switch most frequently detected among genotype A1 was from A1 to D1 5/6 (83.3%), followed by mixed to genotype D3 7/13 (54%) and among intra-genotype changes, from D1 to D3 in 14/20 (70%). Pretreatment HBV genotype was the only factor predicting inter-genotype switches with genotype A or mixed genotypes more likely to undergo inter-genotype switches as compared to genotype D patients (OR 66.6 [13.6–327.0, P < 0.001]). Compared to genotype D, genotype A, and mixed genotypes are more inclined to switch while on tenofovir therapy. Genotypes tend to switch and select to a particular type possibly due to constant antiviral drug pressure. J. Med. Virol. 88:1364–1375, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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To evaluate the relationships between genetic polymorphisms of the GSTs (GSTM1 and GSTT1) and cervical cancer, the null genotype of each gene was studied in squamous cell cervical cancer (SCCA) patients (n=90) and controls (n=94) in Northeast Thailand. The prevalence of the GSTM1-null genotype in the controls and SCCA patients was 59.6% and 60.0%, respectively, whereas those of the GSTT1-null genotype in the control and SCCA patients was 40.4% and 46.7%, respectively. Neither of the GST-null genotypes increased the risk for SCCA (p>0.05); however, the combination of the GSTM-1 and GSTT1-null genotypes showed a non-significant trend for an increased risk for developing cervical cancer with an adjusted OR of 2.7 (95%CI=0.8-9.0, p=0.10). Genetic polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTT1 were not significant risk factors for cervical cancer in either tobacco-smokers or non-smokers. A different contribution of the GST genotype to cancer risk may be attributed to a different, as yet undefined, property of the enzymes.
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