Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of QL block in patients undergoing laparoscopic TEP inguinal hernia repair. Study Design: Randomized Clinical Trial. Setting: Kalsoom International Hospital, Islamabad. Period: Dec 2022 to June 2023. Methods: In this, all patients between the ages of 18 and 70 who were scheduled for laparoscopic TEP inguinal hernia repair to repair a one-sided inguinal hernia and did not have any complications related to the hernia. In one group, the patients received general anesthesia and in the other group, the patients were given sedation along with a technique called QL block. Age, gender, pain score on VAS at 1 hours, 6 hour and 12 hours after procedure was noted. Comparison of pain according to the VAS by type of anesthesia was done between the two groups and independent sample t-test was applied to see the statistical significant. Results: The patients' mean age was 43 + 9.09 years. Around 70% of the patients were males, while 30% were females, indicating a male predominance. The study's outcome was the mean pain score after 1 hour, 6 hours, and 12 hours. The two techniques of anesthesia utilized in the two groups were compared in terms of pain. The mean VAS at 1 hour after the initiation of anesthesia was not significantly different between the two groups, but it was statistically significant at 6 and 12 hours (p value of 0.001). Conclusion: QL block is a safe and effective alternative for patients undergoing TEP inguinal repair because to the observed reduction in early postoperative pain, shorter hospitalization, and cheaper anesthetic and hospital costs. Although our research showed that pain was significantly reduced for up to 12 hours after the operation, more information is needed before we can confidently endorse it for widespread use.
Citrus belonging to Rutaceae family is one of the most common fruit crops in Pakistan. Citrus canker disease caused by Xanthomonas citri pv. citri is one of the important diseases that causes huge losses to citrus production. The current study was carried out to mitigate this disease by exploitation of four chemicals and plant extracts in-vitro at three different concentrations and in greenhouse with most efficient concentration. The laboratory and greenhouse experiments were performed through inhibition zone technique and foliar spray method, respectively. Four chemicals including streptomycin sulphate, copper oxychloride, kasugamycin and oxytetracycline with different concentrations of 1%, 2% and 3% were evaluated. Under in-vitro environment, streptomycin (2.7 cm) at 3% concentration after 72 hours’ time interval exhibited the most significant results among all chemicals. Similarly, four plant extracts i.e. Moringa (Moringa oleifera), Keekar (Acacia nilotica), Kortuma (Citrullus colocynthis), and Akk (Colotropis gigantia) were evaluated at 25%, 35% and 45% concentrations. Most significant results (1.9 cm) were shown by Moringa extract at 45% concentration after 72 hours’ time interval. Most effective Phytoextract (Moringa oleifera) and chemical (Streptomycin) observed in-vitro were selected for further evaluation in greenhouse which resulted in the reduction of disease incidence by 23% after 45 days’ time interval. Current findings would provide the valuable insights for researchers and the farming community which would prove helpful in the improved management of this particular disease.
Objective: To compare the frequency of new onset perioperative myocardial infarction in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft with and without long cross clamp time. Study Design: Randomized Control Trial. Setting: Department of Cardiac Surgery at the CH. Muhammad Akram Teaching and Research, Lahore. Period: 10th Feb 2023 to 10th June 2023. Material & Methods: Patients were admitted through out-patient department one week prior to the operation and randomized to Group L (longer aortic cross-clamp time) and Group S (shorter time). Preoperative electrocardiogram was recorded for every patient. After surgery patients were shifted to intensive care unit. Development of perioperative myocardial infarction was the major outcome variable. Results: In our study, frequency of perioperative myocardial infarction in both groups was 7% in Group-L and 3% in Group-S with a p value was 0.19. Conclusion: In summary, our study sheds light on the notable difference in the frequency of perioperative myocardial infarction among patients undergoing CABG, particularly in relation to cross clamp time. While our findings present valuable insights, the necessity for further validation through multicenter trials with a larger sample size is evident.
Efficacy of allelopathic crop water extracts to control weeds can be enhanced by integrating them with other phytotoxins. The effects of allelopathic crop water extracts and their combinations along with lower rates of Atlantis 3.6 WG were studied to control weeds in rainfed wheat through field experimentation during 2009-2010 and 2010-2011. Treatments included weedy check, hand weeding, Atlantis 3.6 WG @ 14.4 g a.i. ha -1 , sorghum water extract, sunflower water extract, sorghum + sunflower water extract and combinations of sorghum + sunflower water extracts with 25, 50 and 75% rates of Atlantis 3.6 WG arranged in randomized complete block design. Results revealed that combination of allelopathic extracts with lower rates of herbicide decreased weed density, fresh and dry weights by 42-70%, 38-62% and 37-63%, respectively. Atlantis 3.6 WG @ 14.4 g a.i. ha -1 reduced these parameters by 59-66%, 52-53% and 52-56%. The maximum numbers of fertile tillers, number of grains spike -1 and grain yield were recorded from hand weeding. Statistically, similar yields were obtained from allelopathic water extracts combined with 50-75% rates of herbicide and full dose of herbicide. Relatively lower wheat grain yields were recorded during second year compared with first due to moisture stress. The maximum net benefits were achieved from sorghum and sunflower water extracts mixed with 75% dose of Atlantis 3.6 WG followed by mixture of allelopathic extracts with 50% herbicide and recommended rates of Atlantis 3.6 WG (14.4 g a.i. ha -1 ). Marginal analysis exhibited dominance of all treatments except combination of extracts with lower doses of herbicides. The study concluded that sorghum and sunflower water extracts can be used in combination with 50-75% rates of Atlantis 3.6 WG to control weeds economically in wheat crop under rainfed conditions.
Experiment was conducted to determine the persistence and insecticidal efficacy of a new enhanced diatomaceous earth, Inert-PMS, in wheat against four stored grain insect pests [Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), Liposcelis paeta Pearman, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)] under the laboratory conditions at 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg, for intervals of 24 h, 4 and 7 d at 28ºC and 65% RH.For persistence, Inert-PMS was applied to stored grain for 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 d.The results demonstrated that adult mortality was directly proportional to the dose and exposure interval.While the efficacy remained constant up to 60 d, it fell after 90 and 120 d of storage.L. paeta and C. ferrugineus were the most susceptible to Inert-PMS (100% mortality) followed by R. dominica (81%) and T. castaneum (72%) at 75 mg/kg after 4 d.Inert-PMS also suppressed the reproduction at lower dose rates.Inert-PMS is an eco-friendly formulation that not only interferes with the growth and development of stored grain insects but is also cheap and free from ill effects.
Bacterial leaf spot of spinach is an emerging problem causing significant losses worldwide, particularly in Pakistan. The current study was subjected to mitigate this arising issue by the exploitation of four chemicals and four plant extracts in vitro and in green house at three different concentrations. The experiments were performed under CRD through inhibition zone technique and foliar spray method. Laboratory experiments concluded aqueous extract of Acacia nilotica with maximum inhibition zone (10.4 mm) followed by Calotropis gigantea (5.0 mm), Citrullus colocynthis (3.6 mm), and Moringa oleifera (1.6 mm) respectively as compared to control (0.00 mm). In vitro results of chemicals showed Streptomycin sulphate (13.9 mm) with highest inhibition zone followed by Oxytetracycline (10.2 mm), Kasumin (4.7 mm), and Copper oxychloride (3.2 mm) respectively. Most effective Phytoextracts and chemicals observed in vitro were selected for greenhouse evaluation. In greenhouse results Streptomycin sulphate (5.2%) showed as most significant antibacterial agent in managing the disease severity followed by Acacia nilotica (10.1%) as compared to control. The current findings would be the valuable insights for researchers and the farming community, assisting in the improved management of bacterial leaf spot of spinach.
Objective: To evaluate the resist of minimally invasive surgery i.e. laparoscopic cholecystectomy versus open cholecystectomy in cases with complex gallstone diseases. Study Design: Prospective study. Setting: North Surgical Ward, Mayo Hospital Lahore. Period: 11th July 2020 till 10th January 2021. Material & Methods: A total of 372 patient’s fulfilling the criterion was included for study in group-A Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was done. In group B open cholecystectomy was done which includes 86 patients. The entire patient received injection Ketorolac 30 mg i.e. 8 hourly and postoperative injection NeIbufin 6 mg i.v.12hourIy as standard in all patients and Post-operative pain was assessed Visual analogy scale after 24 hours. Results: The mean age of patients in open group was 41.28 ± 13.75 years and in Laparoscopic group was 43.46 ± 13.90 years. In Open group there were 80(43%) male and 106(57%) female cases while in Laparoscopic group there were 65(34.9%) male and 121(65.1%) female cases. The mean hospital stay was statistically shorter in Laparoscopic group (3.80 ± 1.37 days) as compared to Open group (5.12 ± 1.58 days), p-value <0.001. In open group 77(41.4%) cases had post-operative pain and in Laparoscopic group 27(14.5%) cases had post-operative pain. The post-operative pain was statistically higher in open groups, p-value < 0.001. Conclusion: Laparoscopic is an ideal treatment option in terms of less pain and shorter duration of hospital stay as compared to open cholecystectomy for patients with complicated gallstone disease.
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