Saffron and its constituents have been shown to decrease ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in kidney or brain tissues. In this study, the effects of saffron ethanolic extract and its constituents, crocin and safranal, were evaluated in skeletal muscle during I/R injury. Hind limb ischemia was induced using clamping the common femoral artery and vein. After 2 h ischemia, the clamp of the femoral vessels of animals was taken off and the animal underwent 1h reperfusion. Muscle injuries were evaluated by recording of the electromyographic (EMG) potentials and performing some biochemical analysis including thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total sulfhydryl (SH) groups and antioxidant capacity of muscle (using FRAP assay). The ethanolic extract of saffron (5, 20 and 80 mg kg(-1)), crocin (50, 200 and 400 mg kg(-1)), safranal (0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 ml kg(-1)) and normal saline (10 ml kg(-1)) were administered intraperitoneally 1 h prior reperfusion. The average peak-to-peak amplitude during I/R was significantly increased in extract, crocin and safranal groups in comparison with control-ischemic group. Following saffron, crocin and safranal administration, the total SH contents and antioxidant capacity were elevated in muscle flap. The MDA level was declined significantly in test groups. It is concluded that saffron extract and its constituents show a protective effect against lower limb I/R in rat.
This is an observational case series study on penetrating trauma admissions in three teaching hospitals in Tehran from 1996 to 1997. in order to describe the epidemiology and determine the ways of improving treatment of penetrating injuries, we selected 410 patients with penetrating injuries and injury severity scores (ISS) of more than 7 (the maximum ISS is 75) out of 3580 trauma patients, hospitalized in the three hospitals (Sina, Shohada, Fayzbakhsh) since may 1 st 1996 during a period of approximately one year. These hospitals were among the ones with the highest load of trauma patients in Tehran. The in- hospital mortality rate was 2% and the rate of permanent disability was 6%. The most frequent injuries were in the extremities; while the most fatal ones occurred in the head and neck region.The mean ± SE injury severity score was 10.9±0.23 . Cutting was the most prevalent mechanism of injury while gunshot was the ratest. The most fatal mechanism of injury was gunshot followed by stab can cutting injuries. Industrial workers comprised the population at the highest risk for other cutting injuries, which can be avoided by utilizting better protection facilities at work.Our findings show that the improvement of preventive measures in industrial occupations should be considered to be of utmost importance. It seems that faster and direct transporation of patients to appropriate and well- equipped centers, improvement of the technical skills of the emergency staff, appropriate tiage of trauma victims and decreasing the time spent in the emergency room can decrase the mortality rate substantially
I   ntroduction:Long term vascular access has become more important as patients live longer on dialysis. Improved survival on hemodialysis has resulted in an increasing number of patients with failed vascular access, so an increasing number of options for vascular access have to be added to the surgeon�s armamentarium. In a number of patients, basilic vein transposition is an often overlooked means of arteriovenous access that has a superior patency compared with bridge fistulas using polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). And this brought vascular surgeons of Imam-Reza hospital to use this technique in patients with complications in normal fistulas. This article evaluates the survival rate of these fistulas and compares them with patency rates reported worldwide. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on, 25 End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) patients, undergone superficial basilic vein transposition from 2002 till 2005. In these patients, superficial basilic vein transposition method was performed for an arteriovenous fistula (AVF). Demographic data were collected using medical records, and then patients were examined clinically. Patency rate was evaluated using life tables by SPSS version 13 and compared with similar results reported worldwide. Results: Overall 70.8 were male patients and 29.2 were female. Hypertension was seen in 87.5 of cases and 37.5 suffered from diabetes. Seventy four percent of our cases underwent basilic vein transposition after a failing AVF, one case after a rejected transplant and one after a failed graft. The longest patency rate was 30 months and the shortest was 4 months. The patency rate for the first 6 months was 86 and after one year 77 and after 26 months 58. Conclusion: The one year patency rate reported for fistulas by basilica vein transposition method is 90-60 which justifies the results of this article (62.5). these results suggest that this method can be used as a new access line for dialyzing ESRD patients before using graft fistulas.
Studies suggest that cytokines are involved in the development of both inflammatory disorders and vascular diseases.The changes in transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), interleukin 6 (IL6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and interferon γ (IFNγ) with the progression of the thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) symptoms were investigated in this research.This study included 80 patients with TAO, who were selected from the Vascular and Endovascular Research Center in Alavi Hospital, from the year 2012 to 2016. They were then categorized into three groups: Mild (migratory thrombophlebitis, cold sensitivity or Raynaud's phenomenon, and skin discoloration), moderate (chronic ulcers, claudication, and burning pain of the feet at night), and severe (pain at rest and spontaneous gangrene) symptoms. The serum levels of TGFβ, IL6, TNFα, and IFNγwere determined by the ELISA method and compared among the groups.The first three predominant symptoms were pulse disorder (n = 76, 95.00%), cold intolerance (n = 61, 76.25%), and claudication (n = 59, 73.75%). A comparison of the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) revealed that both TGFβ and IL6 were dysregulated as the severity of the symptoms increased from the moderate to the severe stages; however, such changes were not significant (p > 0.05). In the multiple logistic regression model, increased TNFα levels were seen in the presence of moderate symptoms as compared to the severe ones (p < 0.05).It could be concluded that TNFα, as part of the defining cytokineproduction profile of T helper cells, can be significantly involved in the progression of TAO from the moderate to the severe stages.
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