Background: T cell malignancies are highly aggressive hematological tumors with limited effective treatment options. CAR-NK cell therapy targeting CD7 has emerged as a promising approach for treating T-cell malignancies. However, conventional CAR-NK cell therapy faces the challenges of cell fratricide due to CD7 expression on both malignant cells and normal NK cells. Additionally, engineering CARs into human tissue-derived NK cells demonstrates heterogeneity, low transduction efficiency, and high manufacturing costs. Methods: The human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) were genetically modified by knocking out the CD7 gene and introducing the CD7 CAR expression cassette to generate CD7 KO-CD7 CAR-hPSCs. These modified hPSCs were subsequently differentiated into CD7 KO-CD7 CAR-iNK cells using an efficient organoid induction method. The cytotoxicity of CD7 KO-CD7 CAR-iNK cells against CD7+ tumor cells was evaluated. Furthermore, we overexpressed the CXCR4 gene in CD7 KO-CD7 CAR-hPSCs and derived CXCR4-expressing CD7 KO-CD7 CAR-iNK (CRO-CD7 CAR-iNK) cells. The dynamics of CRO-CD7 CAR-iNK cells in vivo were tracked, and their therapeutic efficacy was assessed using human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) xenograft models. Results: The CD7 KO-CD7 CAR-iNK cells derived from CD7 KO-CD7 CAR-hPSCs effectively avoided fratricide, demonstrated normal expansion, and exhibited potent and specific anti-tumor activity against CD7+ T-cell tumor cell lines and primary T-ALL cells. CXCR4 overexpression in CRO-CD7 CAR-iNK cells improved their homing capacity and extended their persistence in vivo. The CRO-CD7 CAR iNK cells significantly suppressed tumor growth and prolonged the survival of T-ALL tumor-bearing mice. Conclusions: Our study provides a reliable strategy for the large-scale generation of fratricide-resistant CD7 CAR-iNK cells with robust anti-tumor effects from hPSCs, offering a promising cell product to treat T-cell malignancy.
A reaction-diffusion-advection model is proposed and investigated to understand the invasive dynamics of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. The free boundary is introduced to model the expanding front of the invasive mosquitoes in a heterogenous environment. The threshold $R^D_0$ for the model with Dirichlet boundary condition is defined and the threshold $R^F_0(t)$ for the free boundary problem is introduced, and the long-time behavior of positive solutions to the reaction-diffusion-advection system is discussed. Sufficient conditions for the mosquitoes to be eradicated or to spread are given. We show that, if $R^F_0(\infty)\leq 1$, the mosquitoes always vanish, and if $R^F_0(t_0)\geq 1$ for some $t_0\geq 0$, the mosquitoes must spread, while if $R^F_0(0)<1
Abstract Walnut is one of the popular nut foods with rich nutritional value and medicinal value. However, it is difficult to detect the internal quality of walnuts because of their solid shell. In this study, a novel method was proposed to nondestructively detect the shriveled kernels in shelled walnuts based on the fusion of image and weight information by machine learning. First, the image and weight information of walnut samples was collected using an industrial charge‐coupled device camera and an electronic balance. Then, three kinds of models including partial least squares‐linear discrimination analysis, a support vector machine (SVM) and a particle swarm optimization algorithm with back propagation (PSO‐BP) were established to discriminate walnuts with shriveled kernels. The classifying effectiveness of all methods was comprehensively compared to determine the optimal one. Finally, the testing results were used to evaluate the three models. Under the same conditions, SVM has the best performance. The classification accuracy and average costing time of SVM were 97% and 0.001 s. Overall research demonstrated that the machine learning method based on weight and image information can be used to quickly, accurately and nondestructively detect the walnuts with shriveled kernels. Practical Applications Nondestructively detection of walnuts has significant value for walnuts processing in practical application. It can allow the walnut industry to provide better‐tasting walnut to the consumers, and thus, improve industry competitiveness and profitability. A strategy for detecting walnuts with shriveled kernels was proposed based on the fusion of weight and image information using machine‐learning algorithms. The SVM model can quickly and accurately classify walnuts with shriveled kernels using information fusion of imaging and weighing. This work is valuable for online sorting of walnuts with shriveled kernel.
Abstract Background Wucai suffers from low temperature during the growth period, resulting in a decline in yield and poor quality. But the molecular mechanisms of cold tolerance in wucai are still unclear. Results According to the phenotypes and physiological indexes, we screened out the cold-tolerant genotype “W18” (named CT) and cold-sensitive genotype “Sw-1” (named CS) in six wucai genotypes. We performed transcriptomic analysis using seedling leaves after 24 h of cold treatment. A total of 3536 and 3887 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the low temperature (LT) and control (NT) comparative transcriptome in CT and CS, respectively, with 1690 DEGs specific to CT. The gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that the response to cadmium ion (GO:0,046,686), response to jasmonic acid (GO:0,009,753), and response to wounding (GO:0,009,611) were enriched in CT (LT vs NT). The DEGs were enriched in starch and sucrose metabolism and glutathione metabolism in both groups, and α-linolenic acid metabolism was enriched only in CT (LT vs NT). DEGs in these processes, including glutathione S-transferase s ( GST s), 13S lipoxygenase ( LOX ), and jasmonate ZIM-domain ( JAZ ), as well as transcription factors (TFs), such as the ethylene-responsive transcription factor 53 (ERF53), basic helix-loop-helix 92 (bHLH92), WRKY53, and WRKY54.We hypothesize that these genes play important roles in the response to cold stress in this species. Conclusions Our data for wucai is consistent with previous studies that suggest starch and sucrose metabolism increased the content of osmotic substances, and the glutathione metabolism pathway enhance the active oxygen scavenging. These two pathways may participated in response to cold stress. In addition, the activation of α-linolenic acid metabolism may promote the synthesis of methyl jasmonate (MeJA), which might also play a role in the cold tolerance of wucai.
In recent years, the rapid expansion of research and application of the Internet of Things and wearable electronics has prompted the development of a variety of sensors to perceive physical or chemical information from both the human body and the environment, among which the proximity sensor is a kind of noncontact sensor used to detect the approach of a target and thus exhibits promising applications in human-machine interactions. Thin-film transistors are one type of key components in modern electronics and have been further developed as electrostatic-induction-type proximity sensors to perceive the approach of electrically charged objects. However, they are immune to the approach of a zero-potential object. Capacitive-induction-type proximity sensors are capable of detecting the approach of conductive targets while being less sensitive to insulated ones. Integration of both electrostatic and capacitive induction mechanisms into one proximity sensor is highly expected to broaden its perception to a variety of targets. Here, an interdigital electrode was introduced as an extended gate into an amorphous metal oxide thin-film transistor to construct proximity sensors that combine both electrostatic and capacitive induction mechanisms and therefore can sensitively perceive the approach of a variety of objects that were electrically charged, grounded, or floated. Besides proximity sensing, remote velocity measurement and positioning of an invasive object were also realized, which further extended its functions as a kind of interdigital-electrode gate transistor.
Organ printing is an emerging technology for fabricating artificial tissues and organs, which are constructed layer by layer by precisely placing tissue spheroids or filaments as building blocks. These fabricated artificial organs offers a great potential as alternatives to replace the damaged human organs, providing a promising solution to solve organ donor shortage problem. Inkjetting, one of the key technologies in organ printing, has been widely developed for organ printing because of its moderate fabrication cost, good process controllability and scale-up potentials. Droplet formation process as the first step towards inkjetting 3D cellular structures needs to be studied and controlled precisely. This paper focuses on the ligament flow of exit-pinching during droplet formation process of inkjet printing. The ligament flow directions during pinch-off process of inkjet printing of a sodium alginate solution with a concentration of 0.5% (w/v) have been studied. It is found that two different types of flow directions inside a single ligament during pinch-off process may occur. At an excitation voltage of 30 V, the ligament flow has two different directions at the locations near the nozzle orifice and the jet front head: the negative z direction at the location near the nozzle orifice due to the dominant capillary effect, and the positive z direction at the location near the jet front head due to both the fluid inertial and capillary effects. On the contrary, at an excitation voltage of 70 V, the ligament flow directions are the same at the locations near the nozzle orifice and the jet front head: the positive z direction at the location near the nozzle orifice due to the sufficiently large fluid inertial effect, and the same positive z direction at the location near the jet front head due to both the fluid inertial and capillary effects. Two flow directions inside a single ligament benefit single droplet formation without satellite droplets, but the droplet trajectory will be easily affected by the airflow in the laboratory due to the small droplet velocity as well as the droplet deposition accuracy. Single flow direction inside a single ligament usually results in a long ligament due to the large fluid inertia which eventually breaks into several undesirable satellite droplets. The resulting knowledge will be beneficial for better understanding of the ligament pinch-off during droplet formation process of inkjet printing biological viscoelastic alginate bioink for 3D cellular structure fabrication as well as precise droplet controllability for good quality of fabricated 3D structures.
To overcome the shortcomings such as significantly de-noising effect and easily losing the details of the image characteristics of the existing image de-noising methods, an image de-noising algorithm based on the hybrid wavelet transform was proposed. The algorithm integrated the advantages of wavelet de-noising retaining image details features and Wiener filter obtaining the optimal solution, and took the images processed by wavelet transform and Wiener filter as male and female of the initial population. The steps of the algorithm are as follows: mapping from image space to coding space, iterating to parents through selection, crossover and mutation operation until the offspring meeting the constraints was obtained, reducing the superior offspring to image space, gaining the approximate optimal solution. Theoretical analyses were made on the core of the algorithm, coding, crossover and mutation. The algorithm was applied to agricultural machinery parts image de-noising such as plough and disk harrow. The results showed that it had the advantages of high peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), obvious edge characteristics, good vision effect, and so on. The result of the present work implied that the proposed algorithm is an effective and feasible exploration. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v11i6.2723 Full Text: PDF
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