Periodontal disease is closely related to lifestyle-related diseases and obesity. It is widely known that moderate exercise habits lead to improvement in lifestyle-related diseases and obesity. However, little research has been undertaken into how exercise habits affect periodontal disease. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of exercise habits on periodontal diseases and metabolic pathology.We conducted a prospective intervention research for 12 weeks. The subjects were 71 obese men who participated in an exercise and/or dietary intervention program. Fifty subjects were assigned to exercise interventions (exercise intervention group) and 21 subjects were assigned to dietary interventions (dietary intervention group). This research was conducted before and after each intervention program.In the exercise intervention group, the number of teeth with a probing pocket depth (PPD) ≥4 mm significantly decreased from 14.4% to 5.6% (P<0.001), and the number of teeth with bleeding on probing (BOP) significantly decreased from 39.8% to 14.4% (P<0.001). The copy counts of Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola decreased significantly (P=0.001). A positive correlation was found between the change in the copy count of T. denticola and the number of teeth with PPD ≥4 mm (P=0.003) and the number of teeth with BOP (P=0.010). A positive correlation was also found between the change in the copy count of T. denticola and body weight (P=0.008), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P=0.049), and fasting insulin (P=0.041). However, in the dietary intervention group the copy count of T. denticola decreased significantly (P=0.007) and there was no correlation between the number of periodontal disease-causing bacteria and PPD and BOP.Our results are the first to show that exercise might contribute to improvements in periodontal disease.
Simple sterile cultures for micropropagation of ornamentals using direct application of chlorine disinfectants by preparing sterile medium without autoclaving and inoculating explants without the laminar air-flow cabinet were developed. These techniques could be applied to various micropropagation processes of ornamentals. The sterile medium could be prepared without autoclaving by immediately incorporating chlorine disinfectants into the medium. In these cases, all chlorine disinfectants tested were effective for sterile medium preparation. The media could be used for sterile cultures in various micropropagation processes. Spraying the surface of a medium and the whole explants with chlorine disinfectants after inoculating was effective for inoculating explants sterilely and for subsequent sterile cultures under non-sterilized conditions. These techniques could be applied to the following cultures, shoot tips of chrysanthemum and Cymbidium, stem section explants of chrysanthemum and carnation, PLB explants of Cymbidium, Cymbidium plantlets and Phalaenopsis plantlets. The treated levels of incorporated and sprayed chlorine disinfectants suppressed in vitro contamination and did not appear to be toxic to shoots, PLBs and plantlets of ornamentals tested. Propagated plantlets which were cultured on the disinfectant incorporated medium and handled with spraying treatments under non-sterile conditions could survive without harming tissues and were raised without in vitro contamination.
Abstract Background: Six mutations in the salt inducible kinase 1 (SIK1) coding gene have been identified in the early infantile epileptic encephalopathy (EIEE-30) patients accompanied by autistic symptoms, such as repetitive behavior and social behavioral deficits. Among these mutations, two are nonsense mutations that truncate the C-terminal region. It has been shown that the C-terminal truncated form of SIK1 protein affects the subcellular distribution of SIK1 protein, tempting to speculate the relevance to the pathophysiology of the disorders. Methods: We generated SIK1 mutant (SIK1-MT) mice recapitulating the C-terminal truncated mutations using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing. We performed cellular assays to examine the subcellular localization of SIK1-MT. We also performed patch clamp electrophysiological recording and behavioral tests to evaluate the neuronal functions and behaviors in SIK1-MT mice. Pharmacological experiments using risperidone were also performed to examine the potential therapeutics of the disorder. Results: SIK1-MT protein was distributed in the nucleus and cytoplasm, whereas the distribution of wild-type SIK1 was restricted to the nucleus. We found the disruption of excitatory and inhibitory (E/I) synaptic balance due to an increase in excitatory synaptic transmission and enhancement of neural excitability in the pyramidal neurons in layer 5 of the medial prefrontal cortex in SIK1-MT mice. We also found the increased repetitive behavior and social behavioral deficits in SIK1-MT mice. The risperidone administration attenuated the neural excitability and excitatory synaptic transmission, but the disrupted E/I synaptic balance was unchanged because it also reduced the inhibitory synaptic transmission. Risperidone also eliminated the repetitive behavior, but not social behavioral deficits. Limitations: We failed to identify drugs that can cure the social behavioral deficits in this mouse model. Conclusions: In the present study, we generated model mice for EIEE-30 recapitulating C-terminal truncated SIK1 mutation discovered in human patients. We found that the C-terminal deletion of SIK1 affects the subcellular distribution of SIK1, resulting in the elevated excitability of neuronal networks and autistic behaviors in the mutant mice. Repetitive behavior, but not social deficits, was restored by risperidone, probably due to the decrease of both excitatory and inhibitory synaptic functions by the drug.
Reports of brain abscesses caused by medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) are very rare. We here present the case of a 76-year-old man with terminal-stage prostatic carcinoma and a brain abscess caused by MRONJ at the maxilla. The patient had been treated with zoledronic acid and denosumab for bone metastasis. For the brain abscess, an antibiotic regimen based on ceftriaxone and metronidazole and a sequestrectomy contributed to a successful outcome. In the case of maxillary MRONJ extending to the maxillary sinus, active resection of the infected bone should be considered to prevent the spread of the infection beyond the maxillary sinus, into the ethmoid sinus, and into the brain.
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