SIMPLE MICROPROPAGATION OF ORNAMENTALS BY DIRECT APPLICATION OF CHLORINE DISINFECTANTS WITHOUT EQUIPMENT
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Simple sterile cultures for micropropagation of ornamentals using direct application of chlorine disinfectants by preparing sterile medium without autoclaving and inoculating explants without the laminar air-flow cabinet were developed. These techniques could be applied to various micropropagation processes of ornamentals. The sterile medium could be prepared without autoclaving by immediately incorporating chlorine disinfectants into the medium. In these cases, all chlorine disinfectants tested were effective for sterile medium preparation. The media could be used for sterile cultures in various micropropagation processes. Spraying the surface of a medium and the whole explants with chlorine disinfectants after inoculating was effective for inoculating explants sterilely and for subsequent sterile cultures under non-sterilized conditions. These techniques could be applied to the following cultures, shoot tips of chrysanthemum and Cymbidium, stem section explants of chrysanthemum and carnation, PLB explants of Cymbidium, Cymbidium plantlets and Phalaenopsis plantlets. The treated levels of incorporated and sprayed chlorine disinfectants suppressed in vitro contamination and did not appear to be toxic to shoots, PLBs and plantlets of ornamentals tested. Propagated plantlets which were cultured on the disinfectant incorporated medium and handled with spraying treatments under non-sterile conditions could survive without harming tissues and were raised without in vitro contamination.Keywords:
Ornamental plant
The resources investigation of wild ornamental plants was conducted systematically for the first time in Fujian province. 1 506 species of wild ornamental plants were observed and classified into 9 categories, which were ornamental-flower plants, foliage plants, fruit-effect plants, plants with ornamental trunks and branches, climbing plants, bamboos, ferns, water plants and ground covers. By psychophysics method, the evaluation of ornamental value of flower plants was carried out. 142 species that have higher ornamental value of development potentials have been chosen out of 765 species for further application in gardening.
Ornamental plant
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By surveying the wild plants in Wuling Mountain,the present wile woody ornamental plants species are preliminary counted.The results show that there are totally 67 families,142 genera,198 species in wild woody ornamental resources.And according to ornamental characters,they are classified into four classes:ornamental fl ower,ornamental fruits,ornamental leaf and ornamental posture.Some suggestions are put forward that the high ornamental value plants of exploitation and utilization must be built upon the protection of resources.
Ornamental plant
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For quantitativly evaluating the ornamental value of wild herbage flowers,a convenient application scoring systems on the wild herbage flowers was suggested by analyzing the leaves,flowers,fruits and shapes characters,and each character was gave 30 quantitative score,totally 120 score.With the scoring systems,ornamental characteristics of 18 wild herbage flowers were evaluated quantitatively.It was found that the variable score range from 21.5 to 65,in which the variable range of seven herbages for foliage-ornamental were 21.5～61,seven herbages for flower-ornamental were 38～65,and four herbages for fruit-ornamental were 30～55.According to the quantitative score,the highest ornamental value of the herbages for foliage-ornamental,flower-ornamental and fruit-ornamental are Rhaphidophora decursiva,Dalphimun omeiense and Thladiantha nudiflora respectively;and the the lowest ornamental value are Adiantum caudatum,Phragmites australis and Setaria viridis respectively.The herbage flowers with higher ornamental value could be selected by the method for introduction and domestication,then applied in landscape gardens.
Ornamental plant
Setaria viridis
Phragmites
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In order to improve the survival rate and ornamental value of ornamental plants in water culture,two ornamental plants(Spathi phyllum spp.and Cordyline terminalis) were used as research materials and the effects of different nutrition concentrations were studied.Results showed that with the reduction of nutrition concentration,new leaves and roots of the ornamental plants increased firstly and then decreased,the concentration of nutrient solution for 1 / 2 garden test standards was the most suitable concentration(0.50～0.60 g / L) for the growth of the Spathi phyllum spp.,the concentration of nutrient solution for 1 / 4 garden test standards was the most suitable concentration(0.25～0.30 g / L) for the growth of the Cordyline terminalis.Therefore,different plants needed different formula of nutrient solution.
Ornamental plant
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Niubeiliang Nature Reserve is rich in plant resources.For the purpose of protection,the investigation on the ornamental plant resources was carried out.The result showed that:i)the ornamental plants fall into 339species,78families and 185genus;ii)the ornamental plants are of rarely distributed species,cold-tolerant and unique in the autumn leaves color and aromatic properties.Measures for protection and development were suggested.
Ornamental plant
Genetic Resources
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Using methods of literature searches and wild survey,the ornamental value of vine in Central China was studied.The results showed as follows: ① 757 species were of ornamental value among 784 vine species,which accounted for 96.56 % of total vine species,and the leaf ornamental,flower ornamental,fruit ornamental,stem ornamental vine species was 692,407,510 and 6 respectively in Central China.② 147 vine genus were of ornamental value,and the leaf ornamental,flower ornamental,fruit ornamental,stem ornamental vine genus was 129,86,91 and 5 respectively in Central China.③ The vine genus with 1,2,3,4 ornamental types was 25,82,38 and 2 respectively in Central China.Based on the results of this study,it could be concluded that most vine species was of ornamental value and its application potential was tremendous.
Ornamental plant
Vine
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According to the usual classification system. the authors divided the wild ornamental resources in Mount Tat into seven kinds: old and famous trees. arbors and bushes. wild herbaceous flowers and grasses, ornamental plants in fall, evergreen ornamental. vines and rare species resources. Some advices on how to protect these ornamental were given.
Ornamental plant
Herbaceous plant
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Despite itbeing a plentiful resource, there has been no research conducted onwild ornamental climbers in central Zhejiang Province. The purpose was to analyze and evaluate the ornamental characteristics of wild ornamental climber resources in central Zhejiang Province and to put forward suggestions for their exploration,utlization, and protection. Based on a typical survey and classificationmethods forthese wild ornamental climbers,three groups in central Zhejiang Province were established. These were wild ornamental climbers 1) with comparatively high ornamental value observed inthe fieldwith two ormore ornamental functionsorgarden purposes,2) that have an ornamental value recorded in the literature or that are already being utilized, and 3)with special
garden purposes orornamental effects. The three groups ofwild ornamental climberswere divided into three classes according to their ornamental flowers, fruits, and leaves. Each of these three classes was then subdivided into evergreen and deciduous categories. Results of the field survey indicated that there were 52 species of wild ornamental climbers, belonging to 27 genera of 17 families. Among these, 33 were ornamental flowers(19 evergreen and 14 deciduous), 6 were ornamental fruits(3 evergreen and 3 deciduous), and 13 were ornamental leaves(5 evergreen and 8 deciduous). Ornamental characteristics and garden purposes of the wild ornamental climberswere also listed.[Ch, 3 tab. 19 ref.]
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Бұл зерттеужұмысындaКaно моделітурaлы жәнеоғaн қaтыстытолықмәліметберілгенжәнеуниверситетстуденттерінебaғыттaлғaн қолдaнбaлы (кейстік)зерттеужүргізілген.АхметЯссaуи университетініңстуденттеріүшін Кaно моделіқолдaнылғaн, олaрдың жоғaры білімберусaпaсынa қоятынмaңыздытaлaптaры, яғнисaпaлық қaжеттіліктері,олaрдың мaңыздылығытурaлы жәнесaпaлық қaжеттіліктерінеқaтыстыөз университетінқaлaй бaғaлaйтындығытурaлы сұрaқтaр қойылғaн. Осы зерттеудіңмaқсaты АхметЯсaуи университетіндетуризмменеджментіжәнеқaржы бaкaлaвриaт бaғдaрлaмaлaрыныңсaпaсынa қaтыстыстуденттердіңқaжеттіліктерінaнықтaу, студенттердіңқaнaғaттaну, қaнaғaттaнбaу дәрежелерінбелгілеу,білімберусaпaсын aнықтaу мен жетілдіружолдaрын тaлдaу болыптaбылaды. Осы мaқсaтқaжетуүшін, ең aлдыменКaно сaуaлнaмaсы түзіліп,116 студенткеқолдaнылдыжәнебілімберугежәнеоның сaпaсынa қaтыстыстуденттердіңтaлaптaры мен қaжеттіліктерітоптықжұмыстaрaрқылыaнықтaлды. Екіншіден,бұл aнықтaлғaн тaлaптaр мен қaжеттіліктерКaно бaғaлaу кестесіменжіктелді.Осылaйшa, сaпa тaлaптaры төрт сaнaтқa бөлінді:болуытиіс, бір өлшемді,тaртымдыжәнебейтaрaп.Соңындa,қaнaғaттaну мен қaнaғaттaнбaудың мәндеріесептелдіжәнестуденттердіңқaнaғaттaну мен қaнaғaттaнбaу деңгейлерінжоғaрылaту мен төмендетудеосытaлaптaр мен қaжеттіліктердіңрөліaйқын aнықтaлды.Түйінсөздер:сaпa, сaпaлық қaжеттіліктер,білімберусaпaсы, Кaно моделі.
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According to investigation, there exits 386 species of wild poisonous plant with ornamental value(including plant level), belonging to 84 families and 186 genera on the wild ornamental plants in Fujian province. And basing on the toxicity, the main toxic ingredients, the poison and ornamental characteristics etc, 242 species which have poisonous ornamental parts, are further selected to be statistically analyzed. Finally the corresponding suggestions on protection and development were put forward, for the rational utilization of the wild poisonous ornamental plants in Fujian region.
Ornamental plant
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