1. To examine the molecular mechanism of capsaicinoid supplementation from capsicum extract, laying Japanese quail (n = 180, 5 weeks old) were reared either at 22°C for 24 h/d (thermoneutral, TN) or at 34°C for 8 h/d (heat stress, HS) and fed on one of three diets containing 0, 25 or 50 mg of capsaicinoids per kilogram for 12 weeks (2 × 3 factorial arrangement). 2. The results revealed that exposure to HS decreased feed consumption by 10.7% and egg production by 13.6%, increased serum and ovary malondialdehyde (MDA) levels by 66.9% and 88.1%, respectively, and reduced ovary superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities by 28.3%, 48.7% and 43.8%, respectively. 3. There were magnifications in the ovary nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell (NF-κB) levels by 42.4% and suppressions in nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), protein kinase B (Akt) and haem-oxygenase 1 (HO-1) levels by 29.2%, 38.2% and 30.7%, respectively, in heat-stressed quail. 4. With increasing supplemental capsaicinoids, there were linear increases in egg production, antioxidant enzyme activity, linear decreases in ovary MDA and NF-κB levels and linear increases in ovary Nrf2, Akt and HO-1 levels at a greater extent in quail reared under TN condition than those reared under HS condition. Two-way treatment interactions showed that the degree of restorations in all response variables was more notable under the HS environment than under the TN environment as supplemental capsaicinoid level was increased. 5. In conclusion, capsaicinoid supplementation alleviates oxidative stress through regulating the ovary nuclear transcription factors in heat-stressed quail.
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary melatonin supplementation on biomarkers of oxidative stress, malondialdehyde (MDA) and homocysteine, and on serum concentrations of vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin A, Fe, Zn, Cu, Cr, cholesterol, triglyceride, highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose, and activities of paraoxonase (PON) and arylesterase in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) exposed to high ambient temperature (34°C). One hundred twenty Japanese quail (10 d old) were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups consisting of 3 replicates of 10 birds. The birds were kept in a temperature-controlled room at 22 or 34°C. Birds were fed a basal diet or the basal diet supplemented with 40 mg of melatonin/kg of diet. The experiment was terminated after 32 d. Levels of MDA in serum, liver, heart and kidney, and level of homocysteine in serum were markedly increased in heat-stressed quail, and the levels significantly decreased by melatonin supplementation (P < 0.01). Decreases in serum concentrations of vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin A, Fe, Zn, Cu, Cr, cholesterol, triglyceride, and the activities of PON and arylesterase induced by heat stress were partially restored by melatonin supplementation (P < 0.01). Heat stress-induced increases in serum cholesterol and glucose concentrations were also partially alleviated by melatonin (P < 0.01). No interactions between melatonin and temperature were found on the measured parameters in the present study (P > 0.05). The results of the study indicate that melatonin supplementation attenuated the increase in oxidative stress and depletion in antioxidants caused by heat stress in Japanese quail.
In December 2019, a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus -2 (SARS-CoV-2) that caused severe disease clusters was first reported in Wuhan, the capital of China's Hubei province. This viral disease, which is reported to originate from a seafood market where wild animals are illegally sold, has been transmitted among humans worldwide through close contact. Given the growing number of infected people worldwide and the disastrous consequences in all aspects of life, COVID-19 is a serious public health issue that requires special attention. In some countries, the epidemic curve of infection which was in the plateau phase or decreasing phase during the lockdown period increases day by day since the reopening, indicating the second phase of contamination. Therefore, the preventive measures recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) must be respected to stop the spread of the disease. The international crisis due to the COVID-19 pandemic negatively affects many sectors, including animal production and its related industries. Indeed, with the cessation of imports and exports between countries, it is not possible to provide feeds that are considered as basic raw materials in livestock raising. This situation impairs animal movements, decreases production inputs availability, and negatively affects the economy. The sustainability of animal production is also affected by a shortage of workers due to the lockdown/curfew, the strong decrease in the purchasing power of the consumer, and the intensification of health care tasks. To prevent contamination of animal products and the spread of the disease with food, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends frequent disinfection of food and human contact surfaces at production sites using an appropriate antiseptic. The purpose of this review article is to describe the current status of COVID-19 and investigate its effects on animal production. We propose potential approaches to keep animal products processing units and staff safe from SARS-CoV-2 infection and some strategies to improve animal production quantity and economy
Otizm spektrum bozukluğu (OSB), batılı ve gelişmiş toplumlarda artan bir sorundur. Doğası gereği büyük ölçüde genetik olmasına rağmen, birçok çevresel faktör hassas popülasyonlarda OSB'yi tetiklemede rol oynayabilmektedir. Propiyonik asit (PPA) uygulaması, anormal nöral hücre organizasyonunu ve ardından otizm benzeri nörodavranışları içeren kritik değişiklikleri indükleyebilmektedir. Likopen ve metabolitleri beyinde kontrol edilebildiğinden, likopenin merkezi sinir sisteminde nöroprotektif etkileri olabileceği ve başlıca beyin biyo-belirteçleri üzerinde modülasyona neden olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, 35 adet üç haftalık yaşta Sprague Dawley ırkı erkek sıçan 5 gruba ayrıldı: i) Kontrol. ii) PPA; (500 mg/kg/ip). iii) PPA+LI (PPA’ya ek olarak, 5 mg/kg/gün intragastrik likopen verilen grup), iv) PPA+LII; (PPA’ya ek olarak, 10 mg/kg/gün intragastrik likopen verilen grup), v) PPA+LIII, (PPA’ya ek olarak, 20 mg/kg/gün intragastrik likopen verilen grup). Çalışma sonunda hayvanlar dekapite edildi ve beyin dokuları alınarak homojenize edildi ve SDS-PAGE ve western blot teknikleriyle beyinde enflamatuar sitokinler interlökin 6 ve 10’un (IL6/IL10) ile temel fibroblast büyüme faktörü (FGF-2) ve sinir büyüme faktörü (NGF) düzeylerinin değişimi tespit edildi. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre 35 günlük uygulama sonunda likopenin, PPA ile OSB modeli oluşturulan sıçanlarda, PPA’ya bağlı olarak artan IL–6 ve IL-10 düzeylerini özellikle PPA+LIII ve PPA+LII grubunda düşürdüğü tespit edildi. Bununla birlikte, FGF–2 ve NGF düzeyleri de her üç likopen grubunda da belirgin olarak PPA verilen gruba göre artış gösterdi (P
An experiment utilizing Cobb-500 male broilers was conducted to evaluate the effects of vitamin E supplementation at various concentrations on malonyldialdehyde (MDA) as an indicator of lipid peroxidation, serum and liver concentrations of antioxidant vitamins and some minerals of broilers reared under heat stress (32°C). One day-old 150 male broilers were randomly assigned to 5 treatment groups, 3 replicates of 10 birds each. The birds received either a basal diet or basal diet supplemented with vitamin E (dl-a-tocopherol acetate) at 62.5, 125, 250, or 500 mg/kg of diet. Increased supplemental vitamin E linearly increased serum vitamin E and A, but decreased (P = 0.001) MDA concentrations. Increasing dietary vitamin E supplementation also resulted in linear increases in liver vitamin E and A concentrations, but linear decreases in MDA concentrations (P = 0.01). Increasing dietary vitamin E caused a linear increase in serum concentrations of Fe and Zn (P= 0.001), but a decrease in serum concentration of Cu (P = 0.001). Results of the present study conclude that in broiler chicks reared under heat stress a 250 mg of vitamin E supplementation can be considered as a protective management practice in a broiler diet, reducing the negative effects of heat stress.
In this study, the effect of the supplemental organic chromium (Cr) forms on the expression of ovarian orexin(hypocretin), glucose transporters (GLUTs), heat shock proteins (HSPs) andnuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB)were investigated in laying hens (HS). Laying hens (n=1800; 16-wk-old; Lohmann LSL-Lite) were allocated to 6 random groups according to a 2 × 3 factorial trial scheme with two different environmental temperatures [Thermoneutral (TN groups; at either 22±2 °C 24 h/d) and heat stress (HS groups; at 34±2 °C for 8 h/d, 08:00 to 17:00 h, followed by 22°C for 16 h for a period of 12 wks)], andhens reared under both environmental conditions were fed either a basal diet or the basal diet supplemented with 1.600 mg of chromium-picolinate (CrPic, 12.43% Cr) and 0.788 mg of chromium-histidinate (CrHis, 25.22% Cr) per kg of diet, delivering 200 µg elemental Cr per kg diet. HS groups showed decreased levels of orexin and GLUTs(GLUT1, GLUT4), and increased NFκB, HSP60, HSP70 and HSP90 levels compared to the TN groups in ovarian tissue of hens (P < 0.0001 for all).However, dietary chromium supplementation (CrPic-CrHis) increasedorexin and GLUTs levels and significantly reduced the NF-κB and HSPs levels making them closer to those of thermoneutral group (P < 0.0001).In conclusion, CrPic and CrHis showed supported the relief and treatment of stress complications.
Abstract The current work aimed to examine the properties of oral supplementation of niacinamide and undenatured type II collagen (UCII) on the inflammation and joint pain behavior of rats with osteoarthritis (OA). Forty-nine Wistar rats were allocated into seven groups; control (no MIA), MIA as a non-supplemental group with monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced knee osteoarthritis, MIA + undenatured type II collagen (UCII) at 4 mg/kg BW, MIA + Niacinamide at 40 mg/kg BW (NA40), MIA + Niacinamide at 200 mg/kg BW (NA200), MIA + UCII + NA40 and MIA + UCII + NA200. Serum IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF-α, COMP, and CRP increased in rats with OA and decreased in UCII and NA groups ( p < 0.05). Rats with osteoarthritis had greater serum MDA and knee joint MMP-3, NF-κB, and TGβ protein levels and decreased in treated groups with UCII and NA ( p < 0.05). The rats with OA also bore elevated joint diameters with joint pain behavior measured as decreased the stride lengths, the paw areas, and the paw widths, and increased the Kellgren-Lawrence and the Mankin scores ( p < 0.05) and decreased in UCII treated groups. These results suggest the combinations with the UCII + NA supplementation as being most effective and reduce the inflammation responses for most OA symptoms in rats.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a disabling inflammatory disorder. Ginger is used for food and medicine to treat arthralgia, sprains, and muscle aches. Anti-inflammatory effects of ginger have been observed. The aim of our study was to detect the effects of ginger on experimentally induced inflammatory arthritis.Female Wistar albino rats (n = 21) were randomly separated into three groups (control, arthritis, and arthritis + ginger). Arthritis was generated by an appropriate method using type 2 collagen and Freund's adjuvant (collagen-induced arthritis model). The ginger group was treated starting at the first collagen injection with ginger root extract for 32 days by oral gavage (50 mg/kg/daily). Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), sclerostin, dickkopf-related protein-1 (DKK-1), and obestatin serum levels were studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Tissue TNF-α, IL-17, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) levels were detected using the Western blot method.Mean arthritis score and serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-17 were significantly decreased in ginger group than in the arthritis group. Increased sclerostin serum level and decreased DKK-1 serum levels were detected in ginger group compared with arthritis group. The decreases of IL-17, TNF-α, COX-2, and NF-κB tissue levels were statistically significant in the ginger group compared with arthritis group. Histopathological evaluation of the ginger group showed a decrease in the inflammation score compared to arthritis group.It can be concluded that ginger has protective properties in the development of inflammatory arthritis. The antiarthritic acts of ginger are related to NF-κB activity and Wnt pathway. Thus, it may be suggested that ginger is a candidate to research in human RA treatment.
