Objective
To explore the impact of iodine nutrition on pregnant women before and after adjusting the iodine content in iodine salt.
Methods
Twelve counties (areas, cities) in Hangzhou were divided into urban, suburban and rural areas before and after adjusting the iodine content of salt. One survey spot was selected in each district and one hundred pregnant women were selected; family salt and urinary samples of each pregnant woman were collected. The levels of salt and urinary iodine were measured by the methods of picric sodium thiosulfate titrimetric (GB 13025.7-2012) and spectrophotometer (WS/T 107-2006), respectively.
Results
One thousand two hundred and thirty-nine and one thousand two hundred and thirty-three household salt samples were collected before and after adjusting the iodine content in iodine salt. The median of salt iodine of pregnant women (23.30 mg/kg) before adjusting the iodine content in iodine salt was lower than that after adjusting the iodine content in iodine salt (30.09 mg/kg, χ2=-4.71, P < 0.01). The iodine salt coverage rate and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt after adjusting the iodine content in iodine salt [93.92% (1 158/1 233), 93.84% (1 157/1 233)]were higher than those before adjusting the iodine content in iodine salt [91.85% (1 138/1 239), 91.37% (1 132/1 239), χ2= 4.01, 5.51, all P < 0.05]. The iodine salt coverage rate and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt in urban and suburb areas after adjusting the iodine content in iodine salt [99.42% (510/513), 100.00% (203/203), 97.86% (502/513), 100.00% (203/203)] were higher than those before adjusting the iodine content in iodine salt [86.71% (450/519), 98.00% (196/200), 77.26% (401/519), 85.00% (170/200)], but the iodine salt coverage rate and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt in rural area before adjusting the iodine content in iodine salt [94.62% (492/520), 86.92% (452/520)] were higher than those after adjusting the iodine content in iodine salt [85.69% (443/517), 76.98% (398/517), χ2= 64.22, 2.32, 100.02, 32.90, 23.31, 17.33, all P < 0.05]. One thousand two hundred and thirty-four and one thousand two hundred and thirty-one household urine samples were collected before and after adjusting the iodine content in iodine salt. The median of urinary iodine (MUI, 114.80 μg/L) of pregnant women after adjusting the iodine content in iodine salt was lower than that before adjusting the iodine content in iodine salt (168.60 μg/L, χ2= 36.92, P < 0.01). The MUIs of pregnant women in urban, suburban, and rural areas (171.30, 170.20 and 162.40 μg/L) before adjusting the iodine content in iodine salt were higher than those after adjusting the iodine content in iodine salt (101.00, 149.48 and 119.90 μg/L, χ2=-7.78, -2.63, -6.28, all P < 0.01). The differences of urinary iodine between groups were statistically significant in urban, suburban and rural areas after adjusting the iodine content in iodine salt (χ2= 32.86, P < 0.01), the MUI of pregnant women in urban areas was lower than those in the suburban and rural areas (χ2= 6.70, 8.13, all P < 0.05).
Conclusions
After adjusting the iodine content of salt in Hangzhou, the iodine-nutrition level of pregnant women is decreased. But the consumption rates of qualified iodized salt and the MUIs in urban, suburb, rural areas are different, so the coverage of iodized salt at household level needs to be enhanced and the health education should be highlighted.
Key words:
Iodine; Nutrition assessment; Pregnancy; Salt iodization
In the present study, a total of 7793 samples from 5 different types of hosts were collected and tested, with a seroprevalence of 2.4% (184/7793). Although the seroprevalence of human and animal brucellosis is relatively low, numbers of human brucellosis cases reported have increased continuously from 2004 to 2018. A total of 118 Brucella strains containing 4 biotypes were obtained, including Brucella melitensis bv.1 (n = 8) and bv.3 (n = 106), Brucella abortus bv.3 (n = 3) and bv.7 (n = 1). Twenty-one shared MLVA-16 genotypes, each composed of 2 to 19 strains obtained from different hosts, suggest the occurrence of a brucellosis outbreak epidemic with multiple source points and laboratory infection events. Moreover, 30 shared MLVA-16 genotypes were observed among 59.6% (68/114) B. melitensis isolates from Zhejiang and strains from other 21 different provinces, especially northern provinces, China. The analysis highlighted the imported nature of the strains from all over the northern provinces with a dominant part from the developed areas of animal husbandry. These data revealed a potential transmission pattern of brucellosis in this region, due to introduced infected sheep leading to a brucellosis outbreak epidemic, and eventually causing multiple laboratory infection events. It is urgent to strengthen the inspection and quarantine of the introduced animals.
Sixty pet feeding families were obtained by random sampling in Hangzhou. The positive rate of IgG antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in pet owners was 3.3% (4/120). The rate in males and females was 8.6% (3/35) and 1.2% (1/85) (χ2=4.207, P<0.05). The positive rate in pet dogs was 13.3% (8/60). The positive rate in dogs fed with a raw-meat diet (33.3%, 4/12) were significantly higher than that of others (4.2%, 2/48) (χ2=6.123, P<0.05).
SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of dexmedetomidine (Dex) on perioperative myocardial injury in patients with Stanford type-A aortic dissection (AD). METHODS: Eighty-six patients with Stanford type-A AD were randomly divided into Dex and control groups, with 43 cases in each group. During the surgery, the control group received the routine anesthesia, and the Dex group received Dex treatment based on routine anesthesia. The heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were recorded before Dex loading (t0), 10 min after Dex loading (t1), at the skin incision (t2), sternum sawing (t3), before cardiopulmonary bypass (t4), at the extubation (t5), and at end of surgery (t6). The blood indexes were determined before anesthesia induction (T0) and postoperatively after 12h (T1), 24h (T2), 48h (T3), and 72h (T4). RESULTS: At t2 and t3, the HR and MAP in the Dex group were lower than in the control group (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, in the Dex group at T1, T2, and T3, the serum creatine kinase-MB, cardiac troponin-I, C-reactive protein, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels were decreased, and the interleukin-10 level, the serum total superoxide dismutase, and total anti-oxidant capability increased, while the myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde levels decreased (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Dex treatment may alleviate perioperative myocardial injury in patients with Stanford type-A AD by resisting inflammatory response and oxidative stress.
To explore the iodine level in the environment and the iodine status among the general population as well as the prevalence of thyroid nodules in Hangzhou city. Relationship between the prevalence of thyroid nodules and the policy of universal salt iodization in Hangzhou was also analyzed.Questionnaire, a 3-day weighed dietary record method, and 3 days' 24-hour dietary recall method were used to understand the iodine nutrition status and dietary intake of iodine among the general population in the city. Drinking water, edible salt and morning urine were collected to determine iodine content. All objects under survey underwent the thyroid B ultrasonic examination. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS 13.0 and SAS 9.1.(1) In total, 12 620 effective questionnaires were available, with 221 water samples, 12 730 urine samples, and 3593 salt samples collected. 12 515 objects underwent B ultrasonic examination, and 1848 received dietary investigation. (2) Water iodine level of Hangzhou was in the range of 0.20 - 5.99 µg/L, with the median level as 2.58 µg/L. (3) Average daily dietary intake of iodine for adult males in Hangzhou was 289.2 µg/d. The contribution of iodine intake from iodized salt was 74.4%. (4) The median of Hangzhou residents' urinary iodine was 178.80 µg/L, with the urinary iodine levels at 100 µg/L-, 200 µg/L-, < 100 µg/L, and ≥ 300 µg/L groups were 37.14%, 23.11%, 21.05%, and 18.69% respectively. Urinary iodine of pregnant women was 141.0 µg/L. (5) Incidence of thyroid nodules in females (28.6%) was higher than that of males (20.1%). The detection rate increased with age (6.4% at group 6-, 10.9% at 12-, 12.0% at 18-, 24.4% at 40-, and 38.8% at 65-); with the highest in urban area (29.8%), followed by suburbs (23.3%) and in rural area it showed the least (20.3%). Urinary iodine level was found lower among the population who had been detected with thyroid nodules (160.36 µg/L) than those among the undetected population (182.00 µg/L).Hangzhou appeared to be an area where the environmental was iodine deficient. Iodized salt was the major source of iodine intake. The iodine status among the general population seemed to be safe and suitable, but the iodine level for pregnant women was not sufficient. There was still no evidence indicating that the universal salt iodization policy in Hangzhou was associated with the prevalence of thyroid nodules.
Objective To evaluate the mammographic and ultrasound features of breast sarcoma.Methods 8 patients with breast sarcoma confirmed by surgery and histopathology during 2009.1-2012.9 were collected.All mammographic and ultrasound findings were retrospectively analyzed.Results 8 cases of breast sarcoma included 1 low grade myofibrosarcoma,1 angiosarcoma,2 low-grade malignant adenomyoepitheliomas,and 4 malignant lymphomas.Mammography revealed high-density round or lobulated,fusion mass and diffuse infiltration.Ultrasound revealed heterogeneous low echo mass,with irregular shape,rich in blood supply.Conclusion Breast sarcoma had some characteristic features on Mammographic and ultrasound,but the final diagnosis still need excisional biopsy.
Background Emergence agitation (EA) is common in patients after general anesthesia (GA) and is associated with poor outcomes. Patients with thoracic surgery have a higher incidence of EA compared with other surgery. This study aimed to investigate the impact of pre-anesthetic butorphanol infusion on the incidence of EA in patients undergoing thoracic surgery with GA. Materials and methods This prospective randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted in 20 tertiary hospitals in China. A total of 668 patients undergoing elective video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy/segmentectomy for lung cancer were assessed for eligibility, and 620 patients were enrolled. In total, 296 patients who received butorphanol and 306 control patients were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. Patients in the intervention group received butorphanol 0.02 mg/kg 15 min before induction of anesthesia. Patients in the control group received volume-matched normal saline in the same schedule. The primary outcome was the incidence of EA after 5 min of extubation, and EA was evaluated using the Riker Sedation-Agitation Scale (RSAS). The incidence of EA was determined by the chi-square test, with a significance of P < 0.05. Results In total, 296 patients who received butorphanol and 306 control patients were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. The incidence of EA 5 min after extubation was lower with butorphanol treatment: 9.8% (29 of 296) vs. 24.5% (75 of 306) in the control group ( P = 0.0001). Patients who received butorphanol had a lower incidence of drug-related complications (including injecting propofol pain and coughing with sufentanil): 112 of 296 vs. 199 of 306 in the control group ( P = 0.001) and 3 of 296 vs. 35 of 306 in the control group ( P = 0.0001). Conclusion The pre-anesthetic administration of butorphanol reduced the incidence of EA after thoracic surgery under GA. Clinical trial registration [ http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=42684 ], identifier [ChiCTR1900025705].
Objective To investigate the cause of brucellosis outbreak and analyze the epidemiological feature and potential risk factors.Effective prevention and control measures should be strengthened in order to control the epidemic.Methods The epidemiological investigation and serum agglutination test(SAT) were carried out among occupational personnel including goat businessmen,slaughters and so on in Shangyu City of Zhejiang Province.Results Thirteen were serology positive cases among the 181 surveyed persons.Nine of them were diagnosed acute brucellosis and four persons were suspicious cases,so the attack rate was 7.18%.Conclusion The cause of outbreak is a plentiful influx of unchecked goats from north of China,and the workers such as goat businessmen,slaughters closely contacted with the goats but lack of effective protection measures.The cognition of prevention and treatment of brucellosis should be seriously improved,and the epidemic prevention and custody of animals should be enhanced,so as to control the influx of brucellosis.Measures should be taken to supervise the status of brucellosis and to publicize the knowledge of brucellosis prevention and cure.
To determine the diagnostic value as well as the evaluation value in therapy,the specific IgM and IgG anti-bodies of the infected and treated rabbits were detected using soluble egg antigen(SEA) and adult worm antigen(AWA) by ELISA.By using SEA to detect the IgM antibodies,the serum antibody level rapidly dropped 7 weeks after infection even without treatment,and those of IgM in sera detected by AWA rose early than IgG detected by SEA.After 5 month treatment,IgM detected by AWA and IgG detected by SEA were still positive.From these observations,it is evident that SEA is a better antigen to detect specific IgG in the diagnosis of schistosomiasis,AWA is a better one for early diagnosis.The use of AWA as antigen to detect IgM showed high diagnostic value both in acute and chronic schistosomiasis.However,detection of the IgM/ IgG in ELISA using SEA and AWA could not evaluate the therapeutic effect well.
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