Objective To understand the epidemic situation of brucellosis in Zhejiang province and provide evidence for the prevention and control of brucellosis in Zhejiang and in southern China.Method Rose-Bengal plate agglutination test(RBPT) and standard tube agglutination test(SAT) were conducted to detect the serum samples collected from risk populations engaged in livestock trade,slaughter,cultivation and milking,related product processing and marine life catching in Zhejiang.Results Totally 7565 people from 12 areas were surveyed in 2011,in which 125 were sero-positive(1.65%),57 were diagnosed with brucellosis and 68 were bacteria carriers.The annual incidence was 0.12/lakh.The cases and bacteria carriers increased by 90% and 7.9% respectively compared with 2010.In 2011,one outbreak occurred and the cases number was highest.The epidemic was mainly associated with the importation of sick cattle/sheep and mutton products from other provinces.Some laboratory workers in hospital contracted the disease due to exposure to patients' blood samples.No brucella infection was detected in people raising local sheep.ConclusionIt is important to promote local livestock raising,strengthen the livestock quarantine and management during transportation,improve the education and protection of occupational population,strengthen the disease surveillance and conduct the training on brucellosis diagnosis and treatment to control the spread of brucellosis.
The effects of irradiation at 0.1kGy,1.0kGy on SOD activity and the content of total selenium,inorganic selenium,organic selenium in garlic(Allium sativum L.) stored at 10℃ or 25℃ were investigated.The results indicated that irradiation treatment with 0.1kGy,1kGy significantly slowed the reduction of SOD activities in garlic stored at 10℃ or 25℃,while the treatment irradiation had no influence on the content of all kinds of selenium.But the garlic stored at 25℃ had higher content of total selenium,inorganic selenium,organic selenium than that in garlic stored at 10℃.
OBJECTIVE To analysis the distribution and antibiotic resistance of commom pathogenic bacteria in the patients with Clinical infection in Geriatrics Dept.METHODS An investigation of all bacteriology specimens was carried out in 2009.Microbial sensitivity tests were performed by K-B disk diffusion method and the data was analyzed by WHONET5.4.RESULTS The bacteriology detection rate of patients in Geriatrics Dept was 51.5%.The top three clinical isolates of Gram-positive cocci were Staphylococcus aureus,Enterococcus faecalis and E.faecium,which were 100.0% sensitive to vancomycin.The top 3 Enterobacteriaceae bacteria were E.coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae and P.aeruginosa.Enterobacteriaceae was most sensitive to imipenem.Cefoperazone/sulbactam,which was inferior to carbapenem,was the most sensitive antibiotic.The detection rates of ESBLs-producing E.col i and K.pneumoniae were 48% and 18.3%,respectively.The detection rate of MRSA was 62.8%.The drug sensitivity of the antibiotics which were added enzyme inhibitors to E.coli and K.pneumoniae was significantly higher than that without adding.CONCLUSIONS The antibiotic resistance of the pathogenic bacteria is very high in geriatrics department.Cefoperazone/sulbactam and vancomycin are the ideal antibiotics.
The use programs of antiviral drugs for HIV infection which are recommended by international organizations are introduced,and the programs are suitable for the patients with compliance difficulty,side effects and viral resistance.Combining antiviral treatment should be fit not only for the patients but also for the health services.Developing countries are longing for the combining antiviral treatment and the monitoring procedures that can be afforded by their deficient resources.The headway of antiviral treatment is exciting,however the associated difficulties increase.So it needs more work to develop new drugs which are simple,effective and low toxic.
Isoflurane inhalation can cause nerve damage, and miR-191 is abnormally expressed in nerve crush injuries. This study aimed to explore the effect of miR-191 on isoflurane-induced cognition impairment and neurotoxicity in vivo and in vitro, as well as its potential mechanism.Sprague-Dawley male rats and primary hippocampal neurons were applied and exposed to 2% isoflurane. The level of miR-191 was regulated both in vitro and in vivo to investigate the role of miR-191 in isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity. Morris water maze assay was used to evaluate the neurological function of rats. The level of miR-191 was measured by qRT-PCR. CCK-8 assay and Flow cytometry were applied to detect the cell viability and apoptosis. Dual luciferase reporter gene detection was used for the target gene analysis.miR-191 was up-regulated in the hippocampal tissues of rats exposed to isoflurane. Downregulation of miR-191 ameliorated isoflurane-induced cognition impairment, including the increase of the neurological score and the escape latency, and the decrease of the time spent in the original quadrant for the rats exposed to isoflurane. Isoflurane exposure inhibited hippocampal neuron viability and promoted cell apoptosis, which was reversed by down-regulation of miR-191. BDNF is a target gene of miR-191.Isoflurane causes some neurotoxic effect which is mediated through miR-191 abnormal expression targeting BDNF. Downregulation of miR-191 has a protective role against isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity, regulates the vitality and slows down neuronal cell apoptosis.
Background: The majority of multiple sclerosis (MS) cases are characterized by clinical onset with relapses and remissions (RRMS). However, years after the first disease manifestation most patients experience secondary progression (SPMS). The second principal group of MS patients is primary progressive MS (PPMS). In a minority of MS patients, however, disease never leads to substantial disability and shows little or no progression years after the first symptoms, termed benign MS (BMS). The aim of our study was to evaluate disease status after 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 years in a well characterized Western Australian longitudinal cohort defined as BMS based on Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) <= 3.5 at 10 years from onset. Methods: The cohort comprises a total of 1415 cases, with followup as long as 50 years. Patients with EDSS <= 3.5 at 10 years from disease onset were selected from the Perth Demyelinating Disease Database. EDSS score at the 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 year epochs was evaluated. Potential modifying factors influencing prognosis including gender, age at onset, first symptoms, initial MRI, CSF, HLA and disease course were also studied. Results: 417 patients had 10 or more years of detailed followup, of whom 210 patients had EDSS of <= 3.5 10 years (50.3%). Female/male ratio was 5.4 : 1. Average onset age in females was 33 years and in males 36 years. RRMS was the dominant disease course at onset (93 %). Fifteen, 20, 25, 30 and 35 year EDSS scores <= 3.5 were obtained for 122, 64, 33, 17 and 8 of 210, which corresponded to 58.1%, 30.5%, 15.7%, 8.1% and 3.8% of benign outcome, respectively. At 10 years from onset 50% of MS patients were found as benign cases. Every 5 years the group of patients with EDSS <= 3.5 (“benign”) was reduced by approximately 50%. Conclusions: In this large well characterized, geographically isolated, predominantly Anglo-Celtic Western Australian cohort clinical progression was similar to other published series from Western countries. Only 15.7% of patients had EDSS <=3.5 at 25 years, and only 3.8% at 35 years.
Abstrcat The proteolysis and its influence on flavour of dry cured goose during process studied. The results indicated that the change of peptide was not significant, but the final value of TVBN and total FAA increased 2～3 times. The final TVBN value was only about 150 mg·kg~(-1), because of its low start concentration. Results revealed that the proteolysis was weaker and its contribution to the characteristic flavor was limited because of the shorter processing period under the modern technology.
In the present study, a total of 7793 samples from 5 different types of hosts were collected and tested, with a seroprevalence of 2.4% (184/7793). Although the seroprevalence of human and animal brucellosis is relatively low, numbers of human brucellosis cases reported have increased continuously from 2004 to 2018. A total of 118 Brucella strains containing 4 biotypes were obtained, including Brucella melitensis bv.1 (n = 8) and bv.3 (n = 106), Brucella abortus bv.3 (n = 3) and bv.7 (n = 1). Twenty-one shared MLVA-16 genotypes, each composed of 2 to 19 strains obtained from different hosts, suggest the occurrence of a brucellosis outbreak epidemic with multiple source points and laboratory infection events. Moreover, 30 shared MLVA-16 genotypes were observed among 59.6% (68/114) B. melitensis isolates from Zhejiang and strains from other 21 different provinces, especially northern provinces, China. The analysis highlighted the imported nature of the strains from all over the northern provinces with a dominant part from the developed areas of animal husbandry. These data revealed a potential transmission pattern of brucellosis in this region, due to introduced infected sheep leading to a brucellosis outbreak epidemic, and eventually causing multiple laboratory infection events. It is urgent to strengthen the inspection and quarantine of the introduced animals.
Objective
To study epidemic of schistosomiasis in the Qiandao Lake reservoir area, and to provide a reference for prevention and control of schistosomiasis in the construction of large water conservancy projects in the epidemic area of schistosomiasis.
Methods
The data over the years of snail condition and monitoring of schistosomiasis before and after building the dam, and water conservancy project reconstruction related information were collected. Based on the survey results of the river channel, the lake beach and the dissipation zone in the reservoir area, the influence of Xin'an River water conservancy project on epidemic of schistosomiasis in the Qiandao Lake reservoir area was analyzed, and the epidemic factors of the schistosomiasis in the Three Gorges reservoir were compared and analyzed.
Results
Before the dam was built, an area of 38 144 000 m2 was examined but Oncomelania was undetected. The Qiandao Lake reservoir area belonged to a non epidemic area of schistosomiasis. After the dam was built, 557 cases of schistosomiasis were found in 6 232 immigrants during 1962-1965, resulting in an imported epidemic. In 1970-1980, an area of 379 654 m2 in which Oncomelania was found was examined and snails were mainly distributed in some rice fields and ditches in the end of the reservoir. 949 cases of local schistosomiasis were found in the snails. The condition and condition of the snail are gradually controlled through several decades of comprehensive prevention and control. Compared with the epidemic factors of schistosomiasis in Qiandao Lake and the Three Gorges reservoir, the environment of elevation beach and ecologically fragile fluctuation zone coexist in the two reservoir areas.
Conclusion
From the long-term longitudinal monitoring data of the Qiandao Lake reservoir area and the epidemic regularity of schistosomiasis and the comparison with the ecology of the Three Gorges reservoir, it is concluded that the two reservoir areas will not cause a large range of schistosomiasis epidemic in general, but it does not exclude the possibility of the breeding of the inputting Oncomelania.
Key words:
Schistosomiasis; Epidemics; Affect
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