본 연구에서는 터보 냉동기 내 적하식 증발기의 튜브 번들 배열이 증발 성능에 미치는 영향을 수치 해석 방법을 활용하여 규명하였다. 상변화 현상을 다공성 매질(porous medium) 및 열저항 모델을 활용하여 단순화하고 UDF 코드를 작성하여 상용 프로그램 Fluent에 적용하였다. 튜브의 배열에 따른 증발 성능을 분석하기 위해 관군의 피치와 관 직경을 변화시키면서 각 변수에 따른 증발 성능 변화를 확인하였다. 열전달량, 냉수 압력 강하량 및 압력 강하량 대비 열전달량을 계산하여 증발 성능을 비교하였으며, 현재 고려한 조건에서의 최적 케이스 2가지를 선정하여 기존 케이스 대비 향상된 증발 성능을 확인하였다.
Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Radioresistance is a main impediment to effective radiotherapy. However, the exact molecular mechanism of radioresistance has not been understood yet. To elucidate the mechanism in lung cancer, we compared radiation responses in two types of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells with different radiosensitivity. In radioresistant NSCLC cells, ionizing radiation (IR) led to CK2α‐ and PKC‐mediated phosphorylation of rpS3 and TRAF2, respectively, which induced dissociation of rpS3‐TRAF2 complex and NF‐кB activation, resulting in up‐regulation of prosurvival genes. Also, dissociated phospho‐rpS3 translocated into nucleus and bound with NF‐кB complex, contributing to p65 DNA binding property and specificity. However, in radiosensitive NSCLC cells, IR‐mediated rpS3 phosphorylation was not detected due to the absence of CK2α overexpression. Taken together, our findings revealed a novel radioresistance mechanism through functional orchestration of rpS3, TRAF2, and NF‐кB in NSCLC cells. Moreover, we provided the first evidence for the function of rpS3 as a new TRAF2‐binding protein and demonstrated that phosphorylation of both rpS3 and TRAF2 is a key control point of radioresistance in NSCLC cells. Grant Funding Source : Supported by the Radiation Technology R&D Program (2013M2A2A7042502)
Abstract Although being incorporated in commercial lithium‐ion batteries for a while, the weight portion of silicon monoxide (SiO x , x ≈ 1) is only less than 10 wt% due to the insufficient cycle life. Along this line, polymeric binders that can assist in maintaining the mechanical integrity and interfacial stability of SiO x electrodes are desired to realize higher contents of SiO x . Herein, a pyrene–poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)–polyrotaxane (PR) supramolecular network is reported as a polymeric binder for SiO x with 100 wt%. The noncovalent functionalization of a carbon coating layer on the SiO x is achieved by using a hydroxylated pyrene derivative via the π–π stacking interaction, which simultaneously enables hydrogen bonding interactions with the PR–PAA network through its hydroxyl moiety. Moreover, the PR's ring sliding while being crosslinked to PAA endows a high elasticity to the entire polymer network, effectively buffering the volume expansion of SiO x and largely mitigating the electrode swelling. Based on these extraordinary physicochemical properties of the pyrene–PAA–PR supramolecular binder, the robust cycling of SiO x electrodes is demonstrated at commercial levels of areal loading in both half‐cell and full‐cell configurations.
Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Several recent biological science studies have been focused on nanotechnology and nanomaterials due to their potential use in biomedicine. Drug delivery systems are an example of biomedical applications utilizing nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) can be used for these drug delivery systems. However, the effects of cytotoxicity caused by AgNPs are not fully understood. Determining the optimal characteristics to facilitate the biocompatibility of AgNPs is an important subject for application. In the present study, human erythrocytes were used as an in vitro model to examine the size, dose, and coating surfactant-dependent cytotoxicity of AgNPs. Our results demonstrated that polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was a more suitable surfactant than polyethylene glycol (PEG) for AgNPs capping. In addition, we determined the appropriate particular size and dosage of AgNPs to reduce human erythrocytes hemolysis. Membrane damages including hemolysis, potassium efflux, protein leakage, and alterations in cell shape and membrane fragility were minimized with 100-nm AgNP particles. This study provides novel insights into AgNPs cytotoxicity and a basis for utilizing AgNPs for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
The photovoltaic properties of bulk heterojunction solar cells using indene-C60 bisadduct (ICBA) as the electron acceptor were investigated by using three donor–acceptor copolymers (PSEHTT, PSOTT, and PSOxTT) in comparison with PC61BM-based solar cells. The open circuit voltage of the copolymer:ICBA devices was 0.82–0.92 V, which is 0.25 V enhanced compared to the copolymer:PCBM solar cells. Compared to PCBM-based solar cells, the photocurrent density of ICBA-based devices was significantly increased in the case of PSEHTT but decreased in PSOTT and PSOxTT. This variation of photocurrent density with the copolymer structure was correlated with the charge photogeneration efficiency as determined by transient absorption spectroscopy. A power conversion efficiency of 5.4% was achieved in PSEHTT:ICBA solar cells, which represents a 50% enhancement in efficiency compared to PC61BM devices. Our results demonstrate that ICBA can significantly increase the open circuit voltage, current density, and power conversion efficiency of donor–acceptor copolymer-based BHJ solar cells.
'%3e%3cg id='b'%3e%3cpath id='a' stroke='%23000' stroke-width='2' d='M-6-25H6m-12 3H6m-12 3H6'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' y='44'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3cpath stroke='%23fff' d='M0 17v10'/%3e%3ccircle r='12' fill='%23cd2e3a'/%3e%3cpath fill='%230047a0' d='M0-12A6 6 0 0 0 0 0a6 6 0 0 1 0 12 12 12 0 0 1 0-24z'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3cg transform='rotate(-123.69)'%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23b'/%3e%3cpath stroke='%23fff' d='M0-23.5v3M0 17v3.5m0 3v3'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/svg%3e)
